5G Is 5G the next thing? Rail Technology Summit, 26 April 2018 Kimberly Wells Cathal Flynn Toby Bond

5G as an Enabler Kimberly Wells

What is 5G and what can it deliver? Ultra-fast, low latency, reliable connectivity Enhanced mobile broadband Improved consumer experience More connected devices Faster connection speeds Virtual and augmented reality Massive machine-type communications Smart cities Smart health Smart homes Smart manufacturing Smart…anything Ultra-reliable and low latency communications Vehicle-to-everything communication Remote monitoring

Potential applications for Rail? Potential throughout the Rail lifecycle Logistics & supply chain management Logistics tracking UAVs/autonomous vehicles for delivery? Intelligent cargo coaches Enhanced passenger experience e-MBB enables reliable, fast Wifi access Infotainment systems Connected trains Train to train/train to trackside communications Remote train operation? Connected infrastructure Connected sensors/remote monitoring for predictive maintenance Use of UAVs for maintenance Smart manufacturing Potential safety and efficiency improvements: Remote assistance and robot control Process automation Smart inventory management Use of augmented reality technology

5G Technology Toby Bond

5G Technology Radio Access Technology mm Waves Massive MIMO Advanced Small Cells

5G Technology Core Network Technology Radio Access Technology (RAT) agnostic

5G Technology Core Network Technology Network Function Virtualisation (NFV)

5G Technology Core Network Technology Network Slicing © Copyright text 2018

5G Timeline Standardisation

New Commercial Models Just some of the unanswered questions… Private 5G networks – do you need a MNO? Marketplace for virtualised network functions. Embedded connectivity – what will be the role of OEMs?

5G Regulation Cathal Flynn

5G Regulation Overview Challenges arising from small cell deployment Spectrum as a key enabler Significance of net neutrality Conclusions

5G Regulation Challenges arising from small cell deployment Need to deploy small cells to deal with high data rates and mm waves – However, Limited alternatives for small site location creates the risk of "pivotal" site owners acquiring market power in value chain Exclusive site access arrangements causing downstream competitive asymmetries How can this be addressed? Host networks providing the market with non-discriminatory access, but no panacea Mandating wholesale access or permitting commercial network sharing arrangements, but can create separate competition issues

5G Regulation Spectrum as a key enabler Timely availability of spectrum for public 5G networks 700 MHz, 3.4 – 3.8 GHz and 26 GHz bands Question of spectrum availability for private 5G networks Possibility to use licence-exempt spectrum, but risk when providing mission critical applications? Possible use of alternative authorisation models, including Spectrum Access Systems ("SAS") and Licensed Shared Access ("LSA")? Need to accommodate non-traditional operators in the spectrum assignment process

5G Regulation Significance of net neutrality What is net neutrality? Possibility to provide "optimised" services for specific applications in the EU where: Sufficient network capacity is available; Optimised service is not used to replace Internet access service ("IAS"); and No impact on availability or quality of IAS Regulators will need to determine whether provision of different network capabilities according to the requirements of application-layer services is compliant with the principle of net neutrality

5G Regulation Conclusions Risk of downstream competitive asymmetries or bottleneck issues arising from small cell deployment and difficulty in finding an appropriate solution Need to ensure that authorities take appropriate steps to ensure availability of spectrum as a key enabler for both public and private 5G networks Significance of net neutrality rules to network slicing will need to be considered

Thank you