Chapter 12 User Interface Design Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6th edition by Roger S. Pressman

Interface Design Easy to learn? Easy to use? Easy to understand?

The user interface System users often judge a system by its interface rather than its functionality Poor user interface design is the reason why so many software systems are never used

Graphical user interfaces Most users of business systems interact with these systems through graphical interfaces although.

GUI characteristics

Menu systems Users make a selection from a list of possibilities presented to them by the system The selection may be made by pointing and clicking with a mouse, using cursor keys or by typing the name of the selection May make use of simple-to-use terminals such as touchscreens

Advantages of menu systems Users need not remember command names as they are always presented with a list of valid commands Typing effort is minimal User errors are trapped by the interface Context-dependent help can be provided. The user’s context is indicated by the current menu selection

Form-based interface

Command interfaces User types commands to give instructions to the system e.g. UNIX Easy to process using compiler techniques

Problems with command interfaces Users have to learn and remember a command language. Command interfaces are therefore unsuitable for occasional users make errors in command. An error detection and recovery system is required

Golden Rules Place the user in control Reduce the user’s memory load Make the interface consistent

User Interface Design Models User model — a profile of all end users of the system Design model — a design realization of the user model Implementation model — the interface “look and feel” coupled with supporting information that describe interface syntax and semantics

Use case diagrams Terms and Concepts Common Properties Contents A use case diagram is a diagram that shows a set of use cases and actors and their relationships. Common Properties A use case diagram is just a special kind of diagram and shares the same common properties as do all other diagrams. Contents Use case diagrams commonly contain Use cases Actors Dependency,generalization,and association relationships.

Activity Diagrams An activity diagram is essentially a flowchart, showing flow of control from activity to activity. Common Use Modeling a workflow Modeling an operation.

Activity Diagram

Swimlanes