Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Promotes Autophagy and Apoptosis and Reduces Chemotherapy Resistance in Mutant p53 Lung Cancer Cells Cell Physiol Biochem.

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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Promotes Autophagy and Apoptosis and Reduces Chemotherapy Resistance in Mutant p53 Lung Cancer Cells Cell Physiol Biochem 2017;44:133–151 - DOI:10.1159/000484622 Fig. 1. mRNA and protein levels of CHOP, GRP78, IRE1α, PI3K, AKT and mTOR in the mutant and wild-type p53 groups. Note: A. Diagram of protein expression levels of CHOP, GRP78, IRE1α, PI3K, AKT and mTOR detected by Western blotting; B. Relative protein expression levels of CHOP, GRP78, IRE1α, PI3K, AKT and mTOR in the mutant and wild-type p53 groups; C. Relative mRNA expression levels of CHOP, GRP78, IRE1α, PI3K, AKT and mTOR in the mutant and wild-type p53 groups; *P < 0.05, indicates a comparison with P53-wild-type group; CHOP, C/EBP homologous protein; GRP78, glucose-regulated protein 78; IRE1α, inositolrequiring enzyme-1α; PI3K, phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase; Akt, protein kinase B; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel - CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Promotes Autophagy and Apoptosis and Reduces Chemotherapy Resistance in Mutant p53 Lung Cancer Cells Cell Physiol Biochem 2017;44:133–151 - DOI:10.1159/000484622 Fig. 2. mRNA and protein expression levels of CHOP, GRP78 and IRE1α in mutant p53 LC cells in each group Note: A. Protein levels of CHOP, GRP78 and IRE1α in mutant p53 LC cells detected by Western blotting; B. Protein levels of CHOP, GRP78 and IRE1α in mutant p53 H322 cells; C. mRNA expression levels of CHOP, GRP78 and IRE1α in mutant p53 H322 cells; D. Protein levels of CHOP, GRP78 and IRE1α in mutant p53 NCI-H157 cells; E. mRNA expression levels of CHOP, GRP78 and IRE1α in mutant p53 NCI-H157 cells; *P<0.05, represents a comparison with the blank group; #P<0.05, represents a comparison with the ERS group; LC, lung cancer; ERS, endoplasmic reticulum stress; CHOP, C/EBP homologous protein; GRP78, glucose-regulated protein 78; IRE1α, inositol-requiring enzyme-1α. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel - CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Promotes Autophagy and Apoptosis and Reduces Chemotherapy Resistance in Mutant p53 Lung Cancer Cells Cell Physiol Biochem 2017;44:133–151 - DOI:10.1159/000484622 Fig. 3. mRNA and protein expression levels of PI3K, AKT and mTOR in mutant p53 LC cells in each group. Note: A. Protein levels of PI3K, AKT and mTOR in H322 and NCI-H157 cell lines detected by Western blotting; B. Relative protein expression levels of PI3K, AKT and mTOR in the mutant p53 H322 cell line; C. Relative mRNA expression levels of PI3K, AKT and mTOR in the mutant p53 H322 cell line; D. Relative protein expression of PI3K, AKT and mTOR in the mutant p53 NCI-H157 cell line; E. Relative mRNA expression of PI3K, AKT and mTOR in the mutant p53 NCI-H157 cell line; *P<0.05, represents a comparison with the blank group; #P<0.05, represents a comparison with the ERS group; LC, lung cancer; ERS, endoplasmic reticulum stress; PI3K, phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase; Akt, protein kinase B; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin © 2017 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel - CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Promotes Autophagy and Apoptosis and Reduces Chemotherapy Resistance in Mutant p53 Lung Cancer Cells Cell Physiol Biochem 2017;44:133–151 - DOI:10.1159/000484622 Fig. 4. mRNA and protein expression levels of the autophagy factors LC3-II/LC3-I, Atg5, and Atg7 in mutant p53 LC cells in each group Note: A. Protein levels of LC3-I, LC3-II, Atg5, and Atg7 in the H322 and NCI-H157 cell lines for the five groups detected by Western blotting; B. Relative protein expression levels of LC3-II/LC3-I, Atg5 and Atg7 in the mutant p53 H322 cell line for the five groups; C. Relative mRNA expression levels of LC3-II/LC3-I, Atg5, and Atg7 in the mutant p53 H322 cell line; D. Relative protein expression levels of LC3-II/LC3-I, Atg5, and Atg7 in the mutant p53 NCI-H157 cell line; E. Relative mRNA expression levels of LC3-II/LC3-I, Atg5, and Atg7 in the mutant p53 NCI-H157 cell line; *P<0.05, represents a comparison with the blank group; #P<0.05. represents a comparison with the ERS group; &P<0.05, represents a comparison with the rapamycin group; LC, lung cancer; ERS, endoplasmic reticulum stress; LC3, light chain 3; Atg5, autophagyrelated gene 5; Atg7, autophagy-related gene 7. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel - CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Promotes Autophagy and Apoptosis and Reduces Chemotherapy Resistance in Mutant p53 Lung Cancer Cells Cell Physiol Biochem 2017;44:133–151 - DOI:10.1159/000484622 Fig. 5. Number of autophagosomes formed in mutant p53 LC cells in each group Note: Blue represents the nucleus; Green represents LC3 fusion protein-marked autophagosomes; Scale bar = 10 µm; Red arrows indicate autophagosomes; *P<0.05, represents a comparison with the blank group; #P<0.05, represents a comparison with the ERS group; &P<0.05, represents a comparison with the rapamycin group; LC, lung cancer; ERS, endoplasmic reticulum stress. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel - CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Promotes Autophagy and Apoptosis and Reduces Chemotherapy Resistance in Mutant p53 Lung Cancer Cells Cell Physiol Biochem 2017;44:133–151 - DOI:10.1159/000484622 Fig. 6. mRNA and protein levels of caspase-3 and caspase-12 in mutant p53 LC cells in each groupNote: A. Protein levels of caspase-3, caspase-12, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-12 in the H322 and NCI-H157 cell lines for the five groups detected by Western blotting; B. Relative protein expression levels of caspase-3, caspase-12, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-12 in the mutant p53 H322 cell line; C. Relative mRNA expression levels of caspase-3 and caspase-12 in the mutant p53 H322 cell line; D. Relative protein expression levels of caspase-3, caspase-12, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-12 in the mutant p53 NCI-H157 cell line; E. Relative mRNA expression levels of caspase-3 and caspase-12 in the mutant p53 NCI-H157 cell line; *P<0.05, represents a comparison with the blank group; #P<0.05, represents a comparison with the ERS group; &P<0.05, represents a comparison with the rapamycin group; LC, lung cancer; ERS, endoplasmic reticulum stress © 2017 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel - CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Promotes Autophagy and Apoptosis and Reduces Chemotherapy Resistance in Mutant p53 Lung Cancer Cells Cell Physiol Biochem 2017;44:133–151 - DOI:10.1159/000484622 Fig. 7. Apoptosis rates in mutant p53 LC cells induced by ERS in each groupNote: A. Cell apoptosis in the mutant p53 H322 cell line for the five groups detected by flow cytometry; B. Cell apoptosis rate in the mutant p53 NCI-H157 cell line for the five groups; * P < 0 . 0 5 , represents a comparison with the blank group; #P<0.05, represents a comparison with the ERS group; & represents a comparison with the rapamycin group; LC, lung cancer; ERS, endoplasmic reticulum stress. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel - CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Promotes Autophagy and Apoptosis and Reduces Chemotherapy Resistance in Mutant p53 Lung Cancer Cells Cell Physiol Biochem 2017;44:133–151 - DOI:10.1159/000484622 Fig. 8. Proliferation in mutant p53 LC cells induced by ERS in each groupNote: A. Cell proliferation in the mutant p53 H322 cell line detected by BrdU cell proliferation assay; Scale bar = 20 um; B. Cell proliferation in the mutant p53 NCI-H157 cell line detected by BrdU cell proliferation assay; C: Statistical analysis of BrdU-positive H1322 cells; D: Statistical analysis of BrdU-positive NCI-H157 cells; *P<0.05, represents a comparison with the blank group; #P<0.05, represents a comparison with the ERS group; BrdU, 5’bromo-2’deoxyuridine; LC, lung cancer; ERS, endoplasmic reticulum stress. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel - CC BY-NC-ND 4.0