Class 4 Hybrid Bus Long Term Performance Test Lawrence P. Zepp Crosspoint Kinetics Chief Technologist Andrew Papson CALSTART Project Manager

Key Hybrid Facts you will learn: • Kinetics Hybrid improved MPG from Ranging from 12%- 28% • NOx reduced 18% to 12% > 14,000 lb. CO2 reduction/yr • Extends brake life 2-6X • Proper drive cycle • Driver Training importance

Kinetics Hybrid Configuration Installs in bus driveline New or retrofit installation No Batteries – Uses Ultracapacitors Reliable Saves fuel & emissions

Kinetics Hybrid Background - Over 10 million fleet miles Dyno durability tested and validated FTA Altoona tested and approved for gasoline, diesel and CNG Seamless and easy to drive

Transit Partner – Tracer Transit in Tracy, CA • Small City with good fixed route • Frequent stops • No highway driving on route • Drivers receptive to hybrid training

Tracer Fixed Route Map Route A = Blue 10 mi. Route B = Green 9.4 mi.

Testing Approach Two shuttles operated in revenue service for 6 months in hybrid ON and OFF modes; VMT and MPG tracked. Emissions measured through two-day PEMS test -simulated on same route. In total, 17,467 miles traveled and 2,566 gallons consumed. Over 6 months, 375 gal of fuel saved and 7,300 lbs. of CO2 reduced. Surveys distributed to drivers and managers on performance and operation. This work funded by FTA as part of a multi-site shuttle bus demonstration program.

Fuel Economy Results Fuel Economy measured in revenue service along two routes (urban & suburban) Reductions found in both routes, combined 21.4%. (6.56 MPG vs. 7.97 MPG)

Emissions Results NOx reduced by up to 18% CO increases caused by 2 or 3 spikes during operation. Significant policy implications for ozone – hybrids can reduce NOx!

Survey Results Surveys measured hybrid against non-hybrid. Distributed to drivers, technicians at end of demo. Hybrid preferred across all metrics; including areas where hybrids typically underperform (acceleration, launch from stop). 1: Much Worse 2: Somewhat Worse 3: Same 4: Somewhat Better 5: Much Better

Fuel and Emissions Summary The hybrid system was effective in boosting efficiency, increasing vehicle fuel economy by 21.4%. The hybrid system reduced NOx emissions by 18%. CO emissions increased by 50% due to 3 isolated emissions spikes. Further work with engine controller integration may reduce this. Drivers and technicians rated the hybrid system as an improvement in all performance and operation categories.

Hybrid Performance Test – Wrap Up Kinetics Hybrid improved MPG from 28% to 13% Reduces CO2 and NOx FTA Tested and Approved Fits most front engine buses Full report at: http://www.calstart.org/Libraries/Publications/Hybrid_Shuttle_Bus_Testing_and_Demonstration-ARBOC_Spirit_of_Mobility.sflb.ashx Questions?

Contacts Lawrence Zepp Chief Technologist Crosspoint Kinetics 260.348.0336 lzepp@crosspointkinetics.com Andrew Papson Project Manager CALSTART 626.744.5679 apapson@calstart.org