Matter is everything that has mass and takes up space

Atoms – the building blocks of matter Atoms are the smallest particles that can exist on their own

Atoms have a nucleus made up of protons and neutrons with electrons circling around the nucleus.

The protons have a positive charge The electrons have a negative charge The neutrons don’t have any charge

Atoms differ based on the number of protons in their nucleus Hydrogen atoms only have one proton Carbon has six protons

Anything that is made up of only one type of atom is an element

A molecule is two or more atoms that have connected A compound is when a molecule is made up of different types of atoms An element is when all the atoms in a molecule are the same

When two or more different types of atoms bond together, a new compound is made

In order for a molecule to form, a chemical change must take place.

No Change to Molecules When you step on a can and crush it, you have forced a physical change. However, you only changed the shape of the can. It wasn't a change in the state of matter because the energy in the can did not change. Also, since this was a physical change, the molecules in the can are still the same molecules.

In your notebook, make a chart that looks like this: Particles Shape Movement Shape Solid Liquid Gas Fill in your chart with this information as we discuss it

Let's compare sugar in water to sand in water Let's compare sugar in water to sand in water. Sugar dissolves and is spread throughout the glass of water. The sand sinks to the bottom. The sugar-water is a homogenous mixture while the sand-water is a heterogeneous mixture. Both are mixtures, but only the sugar-water can also be called a solution. A compound is a pure substance composed of two or more elements that are chemically combined. Compounds cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical means. eg. distillation and filtration. Compounds can broken down into their elements by thermal decomposition {heat}, electrolysis (electricity) and chemical reactions.

Compound Compound Mixture Can also be made up of compounds Keep their original properties when they are mixed Can be easily separated physically Lose their original properties when they are formed They make up something entirely new Can only be separated by chemical means Both are made of elements