Motivation & Emotion

Instructor: Saba Nasir Motive Specific need, desire, or want, such as hunger, thrust, or achievement, that prompts goal-oriented behavior. STIMULUS MOTIVE BEHAVIOR How Motivation works?? 27-10-2009 Motivation & Emotion Instructor: Saba Nasir

Instructor: Saba Nasir Emotions State characterized by physiological arousal and changes in facial expressions, gestures, posture, and subjective feelings Motivation An inner state (either a need or desire) that energizes & directs us and keeps us moving toward our goals 27-10-2009 Motivation & Emotion Instructor: Saba Nasir

Instructor: Saba Nasir Motivation occurs whether we are aware it or not Same motivation or emotion may produce different behavior etc,…Earning money Same behavior might arise from different motives or Emotions Etc,… watching movies 27-10-2009 Motivation & Emotion Instructor: Saba Nasir

Perspectives on Motivation Instinct theory Attributes behavior to instincts (specific inborn, inflexible, goal-directed behavior patterns characteristics of an entire species) Criticism Most human behavior is not inborn but is learned Human behavior is rarely rigid, inflexible, unchanging and characteristic of the species 27-10-2009 Motivation & Emotion Instructor: Saba Nasir

Perspectives on Motivation Drive reduction theory Motivated behavior is aimed at reducing drive (state of bodily tension or arousal) and returning the organism to homeostasis Criticism Drives are not always reduced, they are increased as well Some behavior is also triggered by external stimuli (incentive) than internal states 27-10-2009 Motivation & Emotion Instructor: Saba Nasir

Instructor: Saba Nasir Types of Motivation Intrinsic Motivation A desire to perform a behavior that originates within the individual Extrinsic Motivation A desire to perform a behavior to obtain an external reward or to avoid punishment 27-10-2009 Motivation & Emotion Instructor: Saba Nasir

Instructor: Saba Nasir Primary Drives Physiological based unlearned motive, such as hunger. Associated with the survival of the organism and the species Principal Primary drives Hunger Thirst Sex 27-10-2009 Motivation & Emotion Instructor: Saba Nasir

Instructor: Saba Nasir Other Motives Stimulus Motives Unlearned motives, that are more dependent on external stimuli and are associated with obtaining information about the environment. Curiosity & Exploration Manipulation Contact 27-10-2009 Motivation & Emotion Instructor: Saba Nasir

Instructor: Saba Nasir Aggression Aggression in human beings encompasses all behaviors that is intended to inflict physical or psychological harm on others. Aggression & frustration Learning aggression by observing Aggression and culture Individualistic & collectivistic societies Gender & aggression Nature vs nurture 27-10-2009 Motivation & Emotion Instructor: Saba Nasir

Instructor: Saba Nasir Social Motives Social Motives: Acquired by growing up in a particular society or culture Achievement The desire to excel and overcome obstacles Aspects of achievement oriented behavior Work orientation Mastery Competitiveness 27-10-2009 Motivation & Emotion Instructor: Saba Nasir

Instructor: Saba Nasir Social Motives Power The need to win recognition or to influence or control individuals or groups Affiliation The need to be with others 27-10-2009 Motivation & Emotion Instructor: Saba Nasir

Instructor: Saba Nasir A Hierarchy of Motives Self actualization Belonging Need Esteem Belongingness & Love Safety Needs Safety & Security Physiological 27-10-2009 Motivation & Emotion Instructor: Saba Nasir