15.3 Energy Resources Pg 462-466 Notebook page 117

Nonrenewable Energy Resources Exist in limited in quantities and once used cannot be replaced except over the course of millions of years Nonrenewable resources include oil, natural gas, coal and uranium (fossil fuels)

Fossil fuels Fossil fuels - formed underground from the remains of once-living organisms. A hydrocarbon deposit, such as petroleum (oil), coal, or natural gas formed by the decomposition of prehistoric organisms Are the majority of the world’s energy source Are NOT found everywhere http://www.wrongtees.com/product.php/11/fossil_fuels

Fossil Fuels The US provides: 2 % of the world’s oil supply 25% of the world’s coal supply Good things Relatively inexpensive Usually readily available Bad things Their use creates pollution We don’t have much in the US

Renewable Energy Resources Resources that can be replaced in a relatively short time period of time MOST originate directly or indirectly from the sun. Renewable energy resources include hydroelectric, solar, geothermal, wind, biomass, and possibly in the future nuclear fusion.

Renewable Energy Resources Include: Hydroelectric Solar Geothermal Wind Biomass Nuclear Fusion (possibly in the future)

Hydroelectric Energy Energy obtained from flowing water As water flows downhill, its GPE is converted into KE. The KE is used to turn turbines connected to electric generators Good things Low cost to produce and lack of pollution Some bad things Use dams which blocks the flow of water and cause a variety of environmental problems Hamper the run of fish upriver for spawning

Hydroelectric power plants Some used as water flows naturally down hill Some use dams to build and hold back the water to create energy

Sunlight converted into usable energy Solar Energy Sunlight converted into usable energy Passive Solar: like light going through the window

Sun converted into electrical energy through solar cells Active Solar: Sun heats flat collection plates through which water flows, this water used for your water heater Sun converted into electrical energy through solar cells

Does not pollute but not found everywhere Geothermal Energy Thermal energy found under the earth’s surface Pump water underground to create steam which in turn moves the generators to produce electricity Does not pollute but not found everywhere

Biomass Energy: Energy stored in living things Use wood, corn stalks (the stuff thrown away), and convert into thermal energy Use to create bio fuel - a high- energy alcohol fuel

Others Hydrogen fuel cell: generates energy by reacting hydrogen with oxygen Waste product would be water so it’s nonpolluting Nuclear Fusion: still being worked on today but would probably produce little pollution or radioactive waste Wind turbines: convert the kinetic energy in the horizontal movement of wind into rotational energy of the turbines rotator shaft. Rotational energy is then converted into electrical energy by an electric generator. Clean and wind is everywhere but takes up a lot of space

Conserving Energy Resources Energy resources can be conserved by reducing energy needs and increasing efficiency of energy use Finding ways to use less energy or to use energy more efficiently is known as energy conservation Energy Saving Decisions: turn off lights, carpool, change the light bulbs, etc.