Ionic Bonding

State if the following are ionic or covalent: Drill State if the following are ionic or covalent: NaF CH4 MgCl2 **Put completed lab into the tray if you did not turn it in last class **Take out your PERIODIC TABLE – we will be using it today **Would be beneficial to have some colored pens/highlighters/writing utensil today

Ionic Bonding Notes/Practice Ionic Bonding Challenge Exit Slip HW Agenda Drill Ionic Bonding Notes/Practice Ionic Bonding Challenge Exit Slip HW

Review Octet Rule Exception Atoms react by gaining or losing electrons so as to acquire the stable electron structure of a noble gas, usually 8 valence electrons Exception He: 2 electrons total

Review Valence Electrons An electron in the highest occupied energy level of an atom

Valence Electrons on the Periodic Table

Lewis Dot Structures/Electron Dot Structures Diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule

Examples Na Be Ne F

Electronegativity The measurement of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.

Why Electronegativity? Example: Na and F

Another Example Li and O

Try on your whiteboard!! K and Cl Be and F Mg and N

Ionic Bonds- Lewis Dots Steps: Draw the Lewis Dot Structure for the metal Draw the Lewis Dot Structure for the nonmetal Transfer one electron at a time from the metal to an available spot on the nonmetal Continue until the metal has lost all of its electrons, and the nonmetal has a full octet

What did we see? Na lost an electron F gained an electron Has a positive charge F gained an electron Has a negative charge The overall charge of the compound is neutral

Some Definitions Cation Anion A positively charged ion A negatively charged ion

How can you predict what an ion’s charge will be? The representative groups on the periodic table can show how many electrons elements will gain or lose. 1+ 2+ 3+ 4± 3- 2- 1- 1 H Hydrogen 3 Li Lithium 11 Na Sodium 19 K Potassium 37 Rb Rubidium 55 Cs Cesium 87 Fr Francium 4 Be Beryllium 12 Mg Magnesium 20 Ca Calcium 38 Sr Strontium 56 Ba Barium 88 Ra Radium 5 B Boron 13 Al Aluminum 31 Ga Gallium 49 In Indium 81 Tl Thallium 6 C Carbon 14 Si Silicon 32 Ge Germanium 50 Sn Tin 82 Pb Lead 7 N Nitrogen 15 P Phosphorus 33 As Arsenic 51 Sb Antimony 83 Bi Bismuth 8 O Oxygen 16 S Sulfur 34 Se Selenium 52 Te Tellurium 84 Po Polonium 9 F Fluorine 17 Cl Chlorine 35 Br Bromine 53 I Iodine 85 At Astatine 2 He Helium 10 Ne Neon 18 Ar Argon 36 Kr Krypton 54 Xe Xenon 86 Rn Radon Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals Lose 2 Electrons Charge: 2+ Group 4 Gain or lose 4 Electrons Charge: 4± Group 1: Alkali Metals Lose 1 Electron Charge: 1+ Group 8: Noble Gases Full Valence Shell Charge: 0 Group 7: Halogens Gain 1 Electrons Charge: 1- Group 6: Chalcogens Gain 2 Electrons Charge: 2- Group 5 Gain 3 Electrons Charge: 3- Group 3 Lose 3 Electrons Charge: 3+

Ionic Bonding Challenge There must be one metal and one nonmetal They must form the shape of a rectangle. No jagged edges! In writing the chemical formula, the symbol for the metal is written first The number of pieces used should be reflected in the chemical formula

Criss-Cross Method Steps: Note: Find the common charge for each atom The charge on the metal becomes the subscript for the nonmetal The charge on the nonmetal becomes the subscript for the metal Note: Overall net charge is 0 Metal is written first in the formula Have the subscripts to the lowest common factor

Examples K and Cl Mg and P Mg and O

Try on Your Whiteboard Rb and P Ba and S Ca and N

Conclusion on Ionic Bonding Happens between a metal and a nonmetal Electrons are transferred

Homework Complete the Ionic Bonding Practice Sheet!!

Exit Slip Bond with a classmate! When you find another ion with which you can bond, write in each symbol and charge Draw the lewis dot structure (showing transfer of electrons) and molecular formula Bond 3 times! Remember: there may have to be more than 2 of you in one bond

Grades All Unit 2 work MUST be turned in by Wednesday, November 25th You have the option to retake ONE quiz from Unit 2 Scores will be averaged If you would like to retake a quiz, you MUST fill out a form

Available Dates After School Lunches Wednesday and Thursday this week Monday and Tuesday next week Lunches A – C everyday **Expection: Friday during “A” lunch If something happens, I will send you a message on BCPSOne or a Remind text message

Please Note Unit 2 M.C. questions will be graded out of 23 Tests should be on BCPSOne this weekend (hopefully) From now on… If you are not present for a quiz, you will take a different quiz from everyone else