Religious Division in the Middle East

The Middle East was the birthplace of the three main monotheistic religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

Judaism Goes back 3,000 years into history Jews are said to be descended from Abraham Today there are 14-18 million Jews worldwide (43% in Isreal, 43% in U.S./Canada) The Jewish holy book, the Torah, is what Christians refer to as the “Old Testament”

Christianity Dates back 2,000 years to the birth of Jesus Jesus was a Jew. His followers believed that he was the son of God and sent as a savior (Messiah) The stories about Jesus comprise the “New Testament.” Together with the Old Testament it makes up the Christian Bible. 2.4 billion Christians worldwide (33% of pop.)

Christianity (Cont.) There are three main branches of Christianity today: Eastern Orthodox, Catholicism, and the various sects of Protestantism

Islam Started as a religion during the life of Muhammad (571-632) Like Judaism and Christianity, it is an Abrahamic monotheistic faith Holy book is the Quran. Allah, is the name for God, Muhammad was the messenger (a prophet) Muslims believe Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus were all prophets. Muhammad was the final prophet, completing the message.

Islam (Cont.) There are 1.7 billion Muslims (2nd largest faith) Fastest growing religion Main denominations: Sunni and Shia

Sunni/Shia Split This split happened as a result of a debate over succession to the leadership of the religion and empire. Some believed that only a blood relative should take over (Shia) Others (a majority) believed that any devout follower was eligible (Sunni) Today the split is about 85% Sunni, 15% Shia