The Civil War ID’s: Matthew Brady Battle of Bull Run Emancipation Proclamation Matthew Brady
Northern Strategies 3 part plan Navy Blockade of Southern ports Use the Mississippi to cut the Confederacy in two parts Capture the Confederate capital in Richmond, Virginia
North’s Strengths More people More factories Greater food production More extensive railroad system
Southern Strategies Mostly defensive Attrition: wear out the other side by small scale actions Cut off long supply lines Outlast!
Confederacy’s Strengths King Cotton Help from Europe… First-rate generals!! Highly motivated soldiers!!!
Battle of Bull Run
“Nightmarish Retreat”
Painting’s of War
Photo’s of War
Painting’s of War
Photo’s of War Matthew Brady
Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln disliked slavery, BUT… Felt gov’t couldn’t abolish it in existing slave states. Used constitutional war powers Confederacy used slave labor to build fortifications and grow food Lincoln could seize “enemy resources” Emancipation = weapon of war
Did not free slaves immediately b/c applied to areas behind Conf. lines Outside of Union control Gave the war a moral purpose Ensured compromise no longer possible
The Battle of Antietam Bloodiest Battle in US History 26,000 killed Union General McClellan removed from command after not pursuing Confederates
Battle of Gettysburg Union Victory-Held off Lee’s attacks Union losses: 23,000 Confederate losses: 28,000 The Gettysburg Address
The End of the War… Key defeats of S. at Vicksburg (Mississippi River) Low on men, supplies and morale Ulysses S. Grant=Union Army General, March 1864 Sherman commander of Mississippi division
Sherman’s March = total war Marched S.E. from GA to the sea Burned almost everything in its path Livestock, homes, railroads, bridges, etc Lincoln reelected in 1864
13th Amendment Emancipation Proc freed only slaves behind Confederate lines Slavery still in border states Constitutional amendment only solution 13th Amendment – ratified, 1865 “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States.”
Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse
The Nation is Changed… Physical Effects Political Changes 360,000 Union soldiers dead 260,000 Confederate soldiers dead Land destruction Political Changes Increased federal gov’t power / authority
Technological Changes Economic Changes Northern economy boomed during war Southern economy devastated Technological Changes First “modern war”