Kingdom Protista What do you already know about this kingdom?...Continue to the next slide for some hints.

What Do You Already Know About This Kingdom? Are they unicellular or multicellular?...Or they could live as many individual cells in a group called a …? Here are a few protist examples. Can you name them and/or their parts?

What Do They Have in Common with Kingdom Animalia? Similarities: Eukaryotic Motile Have specialized organelles/organs. Differences: Protists are unicellular or colonial, while animals are all multicellular. Some protists are autotrophic, while all animals are heterotrophic.

Why Don’t We Know More About Their Evolution??? There is very little in the fossil record. Protists are very tiny and have mostly soft bodies, therefore they just get smushed, rather than making a good fossil. The only really good protist fossils we have found have some kind of hard outer shell to them, like diatoms, but these are very few.

Protozoans Protozoans are a small group of protists that have many animal-like characteristics. In this unit we are only talking about protozoans, NOT all protists!

Are Protozoans Sexual or Asexual? Actually, they’re both! The can reproduce sexually… Or Asexually through fission. This is where one organism divides (through mitosis) to become two daughter cells. Or Asexually through schizogony. This is where one organisms divides multiple times (through mitosis) to become many daughter cells. Some protozoans must go through both sexual and asexual reproduction to reach adulthood.

Protozoan Life-Styles Many protozoans are symbiotic. What does this mean? Many protozoans have an adverse effect on their host. For this reason, they are called parasites. What are some illnesses that are caused by protozoans? Hint: think of Africa!...and NO, I’m NOT talking about AIDS. That’s a VIRUS, not a protist!!!

Phylum Mastigophora

Kingdom Protista Phylum Locomotion Feeding Examples Mastigophora Flagella Autotrophic, Heterotrophic, Decomposers, or Parasitic Euglena (autotrophic), Trypanosoma (Parasitic, causes African Sleeping Sickness)

African Sleeping Sickness Transmitted directly into your blood by the saliva of the tsetse fly bite. Endemic in Sub-Saharan Africa Symptoms begin with fever, headaches, joint pains, and swollen glands. What other illness does this sound eerily like? If left untreated, it can spread to your kidneys, heart, and eventually your brain. Once it reaches the brain, you become EXTREMELY tired and lethargic, often confused about everyday tasks, and can lead to death. Can also be spread through blood transfusion, sharing needles, and mother-to-fetus.

Phylum Sarcodina

Kingdom Protista Phylum Locomotion Feeding Examples Mastigophora Flagella Autotrophic, Heterotrophic, Decomposers, or Parasitic Euglena (autotrophic), Trypanosoma (Parasitic, causes African Sleeping Sickness) Sarcodina Pseudopodia Heterotrophic Amoeba

Phylum Ciliophora

Kingdom Protista Phylum Locomotion Feeding Examples Mastigophora Flagella Autotrophic, Heterotrophic, Decomposers, or Parasitic Euglena (autotrophic), Trypanosoma (Parasitic, causes African Sleeping Sickness) Sarcodina Pseudopodia Heterotrophic Amoeba Ciliophora Cilia Paramecium, Stentor

Phylum Apicomplexa: Plasmodium falciparum & Plasmodium vivax

Malaria Transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito. Has an asexual (human infection) and sexual stage (mosquito infection). 2nd leading cause of death in Sub-Saharan Africa The parasites multiply within red blood cells, causing symptoms that include signs of anemia (light headedness, shortness of breath, tachycardia), as well as other general symptoms such as fever, chills, nausea, flu-like illness, and, in severe cases, coma and death. Because the parasite has developed medicinal resistance, not much can be done if you acquire malaria. Prevention is key!

Phylum Apicomplexa: Cryptospiridium Cryptospiridium does not need an insect vector and can be transmitted from person to person or via water. Symptoms include stomach pain, vomiting, diarrhea, etc.

Kingdom Protista Phylum Locomotion Feeding Examples Mastigophora Flagella Autotrophic, Heterotrophic, Decomposers, or Parasitic Euglena (autotrophic), Trypanosoma (Parasitic, causes African Sleeping Sickness) Sarcodina Pseudopodia Heterotrophic Amoeba Ciliophora Cilia Paramecium, Stentor Apicomplexa None Parasitic Plasmodium (causes Malaria), Cryptosporidium

Kingdom Protista Phylum Locomotion Feeding Examples