Goals Students will learn the characteristics that make up the Protist Kingdom

PROTISTS….

PROTIST NOTES Protist belong to the PROTIST Kingdom. ALL protist have similar characteristics: Mostly Unicellular or some can be multicellular Have Eukaryotic cells; which mean cells that contain a nucleus and other internal structures. Most live in watery environments. Can reproduce asexually (needs only one parent) or sexually (needs two parents).

Protists can be divided into three groups: Plant-like: ex. Euglena, algae, diatoms Animal-like: ex. Protozoans – amoeba, paramecium, euglena Fungus-like: ex. Slime molds

PLANT-LIKE PROTISTS Euglena Algae Diatoms

Euglena

ALGAE

Diatoms

Plant-like protist are known as flagellates (move by flagella). 2. PLANT-LIKE (Algae) Autotrophs; All contain chlorophyll; produce about 70% of earth’s supply of oxygen! Plant-like protist are known as flagellates (move by flagella). They have a green pigment known as Chlorophyll in chloroplasts and are capable of making their own food (glucose). Protist produce about 70% of the earth’s supply of OXYGEN!!

Have characteristics of both plants AND animals! Ex. Euglena Have characteristics of both plants AND animals! When light is present, they can make their own food (autotrophs) an eyespot helps them move toward the light When no light is available, euglenas obtain (get – seek out) food from the environment

Dinoflagellates Move using Flagella Cause Red-tide (Blooms) (rapid reproduction; gives water a red appearance). TOXIC..cannot swim in water!! The dinoflagellates give off TOXINS and kill fish in surrounding areas.

Dinoflagellates: move using flagella Cause “red tide” (rapid reproduction gives the water a red appearance) Cool fact--“glow” at night

ALGAE

Algae Notes: They are autotrophs, they make their own food and oxygen!!! Many have cells walls like plants do and contain chlorophyll.

Diatoms found in fresh and salt water have glass-like shells when they die they act as fossils. Cool fact: many toothpastes contain diatoms! And filters

Move by cilia (hair-like projections) on outside of cell. Ex. paramecium Move by cilia (hair-like projections) on outside of cell. Cilia acts like oars Function as sensors Ingestion: cilia sweep food toward and in oral groove. Excretion: undigested food released through anal pore.

Ex. Amoeba Move by pseudopods: extensions of the cell membrane and cytoplasm. “False feet” Ingestion: engulf food with pseudopods creating food vacuole=ENDOCYTOSIS Excretion: undigested food in food vacuole is released through the cell membrane.

Euglena – animal like too! Move by flagella (whip-like structures) Most are unicellular Can be animal-like, plant-like Can be autotrophs or heterotrophs Ex. Euglena trichonympha (termite helpers)

D. Sporozoans Are parasites (live off a living organism, or host) Have no means of movement, are carried around by their hosts. Absorb their food from hosts (environment) Ex. Plasmodium -- Causes the disease malaria

Plasmodium

1. FUNGUS-LIKE Interesting FACT: Great Potato famine (Ireland) 1845-1846: a fungus-like protist, downy mildew, destroyed the entire potato crop causing the death of 1/3 or Ireland’s population. Heterotrophs Many have flagella Ex. Slime mold, downy mildew

IRELAND

Immigrants coming to Ellis Island in AMERICA!!!

Different Fungus-like Organisms

Fungus-like NOTES All Fungus-like protists produce spores like fungi. Most have pseudopods like amoebas, to move from place to place. Fungus-like protist CANNOT make their own food; they absorb food from the environment. Slime molds; live on rotting logs or dead leaves