Kingdom Protista, Part 2

Plant-like Protists (27-1 & 27-2) are classified by COLOR

--Are thought to be the ancestors of plants-- Phylum Chlorophyta have both chlorophyll a and b (so they are green) have cellulose cell walls store carbohydrates as starch have many types of sexual reproduction exhibit many types of organization --Are thought to be the ancestors of plants--

Variations in Sexual Reproduction Isogamous= both sperm and egg are motile and equal in size Anisogamous= both sperm and egg are motile and differ in size Oogamous= large, nonmotile egg and small, motile sperm

Variations in Sexual Reproduction

Phylum Chlorophyta organization 1. Unicellular 2. Filamentous 3. Colonial 4. Bi-layer

Unicellular Green Algae Chlamydomonas

Chlamydomonas

Filamentous Green Algae Spirogyra has spiral-shaped chloroplasts

another filamentous Green Algae Zygnema 2 Star-shaped chloroplasts per cells

a colonial Green Algae … Volvox Mother colony with Daughter colonies Daughter Colony

a bi-layered Green Algae Ulva (sea lettuce)

a microscopic view of Ulva from the side from the top

Harvesting Ulva

Phylum Phaeophyta brown algae multicellular flagellated sperm cells Ex.: Fucus & Kelp

Phylum Phaeophyta: Brown Algae ex.: Laminaria, Macrocystis, Kelp Air Bladders: Used to take blades to the surface for PSN

Phylum Rhodophyta: Red Algae are multicellular contain red accessory pigments called phycobilins gametes do not have flagella

Phylum Bacillariophyta: Diatoms… have tests (shells) that contain silica (SiO2), or glass

Diatom Strew

Diatoms - a SEM picture

Phylum Dinoflagellata formerly known as Pyrrophyta or fire algae have two flagella some are bioluminescent, producing light others produce nerve toxins dinoflagellates are collected and concentrated in filter-feeding animals people who eat these animals become sick

Phylum Dinoflagellata ex. Peridinium

Red Tide- results from a bloom of Peridinium

Phylum Chrysophyta Are golden yellow Have one or two apical flagella

Phylum Euglenophyta have one to three flagella at their leading (apical) end have thin protein strips called pellicles wrapped over their membranes have an eyespot that permits them to swim toward light can become heterotrophic when there is no light

Euglena (arrow indicates anterior end)

The Euglena uses a flagella as a means of locomotion.