Kingdom Protista Most UNICELLULAR, some MULTICELLULAR EUKARYOTIC 3 groups based on nutrition: Protozoans (animal-like, heterotrophs) Algae (plant-like, autotrophs) Slime Molds (fungus-like, decomposers) **Eukaryotes that don’t belong to Kingdoms Fungi, Plantae or Animalia

ENDOSYMBIONT HYPOTHESIS So where did Eukaryotic cells come from? One theory states that a variety of prokaryotic cells formed symbiotic relationships between each other and then, gathered into one another.

- One specific organism called Cyanophora paradoxa - One specific organism called Cyanophora paradoxa. It is a eukaryotic plant-like protist, but inside its cell it possesses blue-green bacteria growing inside of it instead of chloroplast organelles.

Protozoans (Animal-like) “PROTOZOA” = First Animal classified primarily by their means of locomotion. PHYLUM CILIOPHORA – Ciliates Have CILIA – which they use to move & feed Mostly freshwater Ex) Paramecium

2. PHYLUM SARCODINA SARCODE = Is Greek for JELLY move & eat using “PSEUDOPODS” = False Foot Ex) Amoeba Amoebic Dysentery

3. PHYLUM ZOOMASTIGINA use one or more flagella to move around “ZOO” means animal & most animals have a tail TRYCHONYMPHA = Inside Termite Gut GIARDIA = “Beaver Fever” Gastrointestinal Disease TRYPANASOMA = African Sleeping Sickness

4. PHYLUM SPOROZOA NO ability to move Most are parasitic create SPORES that travel through bodily fluids & water. Plasmodium Vivax = Malaria

The World Health Organization (WHO), in its latest estimate of malaria mortality, has concluded that around 881,000 people died from the disease in 2006. Around 91% of those who died were children in Africa. There were an estimated 247 million cases globally (range: 189–327 million).

Algae (Plant-Like) Photosynthetic (have chlorophyll) PHYTA = PLANT Photosynthetic (have chlorophyll) Lacks conductive tissue = NON-VASCULAR NO true roots NO supportive stems NO true leaves

Habitat: mainly aquatic some moist terrestrial species Advantages of living in water: Prevents drying out Gives structural support Provides nutrition Helps to disperse spores & meeting of gametes

Roles in the environment: Major food source for heterotrophs Major producer of oxygen Major component in plankton Biofuel

EUGLENA (Phylum Euglenophyta) Unicellular No cell wall Have pellicle Use flagella to move Ex) Euglena

2. Fire Algae (phylum Pyrrophyta) PYRRO = FIRE Dinoflagellates Unicellular 2 flagella spin the cells through water Mostly marine (plankton) Some bioluminescent Ex) Gonyaulax – causes red tide

3. Golden Algae (phylum Chrysophyta) CHRYSO = GOLDEN Diatoms Unicellular; some colonial No movement Have glasslike cell walls containing silica

4. Green Algae (phylum Chlorophyta) Unicellular (phytoplankton) or multicellular Most live in freshwater; some in shallow ocean floor Some have symbiotic relationship with fungi (= lichen) Ex) Volvox - colonial CHLORO = GREEN

5. RED ALGAE (phylum Rhodophyta) Not all red Mainly live in warm saltwater Can use light that penetrates deep water 6. BROWN ALGAE (phylum Phaeophyta) Cool, saltwater Ex) Giant kelps

Slime Molds (Fungus-Like) Most small 3 groups Plasmoidal Slime Molds Cellular Slime Molds Water Molds Commonly called “DOG VOMIT Slime Mold”

A million people are said to have died of hunger in Ireland in the late 1840s due to mass starvation. Cause: a water mold