Chapter 23: Diseases of Cardiovascular & Lymphatic Systems Cardio/ lymphatic systems Bacterial diseases Viral diseases Protozoa diseases Helminthic diseases

Circulatory system Components: Heart Blood vessels Arteries Veins Capillaries Microbes and toxins persisting in blood= septicemia Systemic inflammatory response syndrome= sepsis

The lymphatic system Components: Lymph capillaries Collects plasma/ interstitial fluid/ microbes from tissues Lymphatics lead to lymph nodes Macrophage, T and B cells reside here Swollen lymph nodes are buboes

Lymphangitis and septicemia/ sepsis

Infective endocarditis

Fibrin platelet vegetations Infective subacute endocarditis Symptoms Fever Heart murmur Fibrin platelet vegetations Causes Alpha-hemolytic streptococcoci staphylococci enterococci Acute endocarditis usually caused by S. aureus

Bacillus anthracis- anthrax

Yersinia pestis- plague Types Bubonic plague Septicemic plague Pneumonic plague

Human US Plague distribution

World-wide plague distribution

Rickettsia rickettsii- Rocky Mountain spotted fever (Tick-borne typhus) Symptoms Typhus infects endothelial cells of vascular system Rash similar to measles, but also on hands and feet Fever and headache Kidney and heart failure (3%)

Epstein-Barr Virus (herpes virus 4) EB Viral diseases Burkitt’s lymphoma Infectious mononucleosis Possibly linked to: MS Hodgkin’s disease Nasopharyngeal cancer

Viral hemorrhagic fevers Classic Virus Vector Resovoir Yellow fever Flavivirus Aedes aegypti Monkeys Dengue & DHF A. aegypti A. albopictus No known reservoir Emerging Marburg Filovirus Monkeys (?) Ebola Lassa fever Arenavirus Rodents Argentine hemorrhagic fever Bolivian hemorrhagic fever Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome Hantavirus

Leishmaniasis Etiologic agent: Leishmania (several species) - euglenozoans

Leishmaniasis Disease Visceral leishmaniasis Cutaneous leishmaniasis Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis Fatal if untreated Papule that ulcerates and scars Disfiguring Causative agent Leishmania donovani L. tropica L. braziliensis Vector Sandflies Reservoir Small mammals Treatment Amphotericin B or miltefosine Geographic distribution Asia, Africa, Southeast Asia Asia, Africa, Mediterranean, Central America, South America Rain forests of Yucatan, South America

Malaria Etiologic agent: Plasmodium (most common species falciparum) - apicomplexans

Schistosomiasis Caused by small flukes of the genus Schistosoma Feces carrying eggs get into the water supply Snails serve as the intermediate host Cercariae released from the snail penetrate the skin of humans Eggs shed by adult schistosomes in the host lodge in tissues, forming granulomas Schistosoma haematobium: urinary schistosomiasis; found in Africa and Middle East Schistosoma japonicum: intestinal inflammation; found in Asia Schistosoma mansoni: intestinal inflammation; found in South America

Wuchereria bancrofti- filariasis or elephantiasis Characteristics Round worm transmitted by mosquito Peripheral BV during night, deep vessels during day Blockage of lymph vessels leads to elephantiasis

HIV Figure 19.15