10.1 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions

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Presentation transcript:

10.1 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions Factors Affecting Eruptions • magma composition • magma temperature • amount of dissolved gases

10.1 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions  Magma Composition • Viscosity (Viscous = Thick) Defined: A measure of a material's resistance to flow. • Factors affecting viscosity - Composition (silica content) High silica - high viscosity (rhyolitic lava) (thick) High or Low Viscosity? Low silica – Low viscosity (basaltic lava) (thin)

10.1 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions  Magma temperature • Factors affecting viscosity Temperature High Temperature Magma: Flows easily, therefore has a low viscosity Low temperature Magma: Resists flow, therefore has a high viscosity Magmas with the highest temperatures can be found around the world near mantle hot spots.

10.1 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions Dissolved gases • Mainly water vapor and carbon dioxide • Gases expand near the surface • Violence of eruption = how easily gases escape from magma - Gases escape easily from fluid magma. (low viscosity) - Viscous magma = a more violent eruption.

Magma Composition

10.1 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions Volcanic Material Lava Flows • Types of lava - Pahoehoe lava (resembles braids in ropes) - Aa lava (rough, jagged blocks)

Pahoehoe (Ropy) Lava Flow

Slow-Moving Aa Flow