The First Civilizations

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Presentation transcript:

The First Civilizations 3000 B.C.E.-1000 B.C.E.

Civilization-the term Emerged in some agricultural societies Formed 1st in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley (and later China, Americas) Definition is subjective

8 Characteristics of Early Civilizations Urban Development Centralized Government Specialized skills and occupations Social Classes Monument building Record-keeping Long-distance trade Science and the arts

Mesopotamia (Region) “Cradle of Civilization” City-state organization under lugals Cuneiform writing (Epic of Gilgamesh) Ziggurats Code of Hammurabi Sail, plow, wheel

Sumerian City-State of Ur

Hammurabi’s Code-circa 1760 BCE

Egypt Nile River Centralized gov’t under divine pharaohs Hieroglyphics Pyramids Mummification

Indus Valley Urban centers of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro Extensive trade w/Mesopotamia Undeciphered language and lack of artifacts Collapsed by 1700BCE (why?)

Harappan brick-always 4x2x1

Harappa Granary

Great Bath at Mohenjo-Daro

Mohenjo-Daro Statues

Shang China Began later (around 1500BCE) Huang He (Yellow) River Divination Bronze Oracle Bone