EUMETSATs Network of Satellite Application Facilities Lothar Schüller  

Outline EUMETSAT SAF Programmatic framework SAF concept and establishment SAF structure and processes SAF product characteristics Current SAF Network Committed SAF snow products SAF interaction with users SAF phasing Research and/to Operations

Current EUMETSAT satellites METOP A-B (LOW-EARTH, SUN – SYNCHRONOUS ORBIT) EUMETSAT POLAR SYSTEM/INITIAL JOINT POLAR SYSTEM JASON-2 (LOW-EARTH, 63° INCL. NON SYNCHRONOUS ORBIT) OCEAN SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY MISSION METEOSAT – 7 (1st GENERATION) (GEOSTATIONARY ORBIT) INDIAN OCEAN DATA COVERAGE MISSION AT 57°5 E METEOSAT 8-9-10 (2nd GENERATION) (GEOSTATIONARY ORBIT) TWO-SATELLITE SYSTEM: - METEOSAT-9: FULL DISK IMAGERY MISSION AT 0° (15 MN) - METEOSAT-8: RAPID SCAN SERVICE OVER EUROPE AT 9.5°E (5 MN)

EUMETSAT ground segment overview EUMETSAT geostationary systems Meteosat satellites Jason-2 Optional programme for ocean altimetry EUMETSAT Polar System Metop satellites NOAA satellites Data acquisition and control Flight Operations Other satellites Pre-processing EUMETSAT HQ Third-party data sources Data Centre EUMETSAT HQ Darmstadt Meteorological product extraction EUMETSAT HQ Darmstadt Satellite Application Facilities within the Member States Centralised processing and generation of products Decentralised processing and generation of products Data dissemination via EUMETCast Applications Ground Segment Users

What is a SAF? SAF = Satellite Application Facility part of the EUMETSAT application ground segment complement production of standard meteorological products at EUMETSAT central facility providing products and services to users specialised on topics and themes located at Weather Services in EUMETSAT Member and Co-operating States developed and operated by consortium of partners Satellite Application Facilities SAFs

SAF What is a SAF? SAF is developed and operated in a consortium lead by a Leading Entity (a National Meteorological Service) involving partners in EUMETSAT Member and Co-operating states National Meteorological Services Other operational organisations Universities and Research Institutes SAF Leading Entity Partner Institute

How do SAFs work? Providing data products Some SAFs provide data products SAF User site User For each pixel do derive data done end

How do SAFs work? Providing Software products Some SAFs provide software products SAF User site User For each pixel do derive data done end For each pixel do derive data done end

Nature of SAF products The objective of SAFs is to provide operational products. “Operational” means: Continuity of product provision Continuity of product improvements Continuous quality monitoring Committed user services Validation and review before official release Complete Documentation of Products, Algorithms, Validation Results ...

EUMETSAT’s 8 Satellite Application Facilities Support to Nowcasting and Very Short Range Forecasting Ocean and Sea Ice Climate Monitoring Numerical Weather Prediction Land Surface Analysis Ozone and Atmospheric Chemistry Monitoring Radio Occultation Meteorology Support to Operational Hydrology and Water Management SAF Consortium Member 6 7 8 5 4 3 2 1

Hydrology SAF SAF on Support to Operational Hydrology and Water Management Leading Entity: Italian Meteorological Service (USAM) SAF products focuses on precipitation soil moisture snow parameters utilisation of these parameters in hydrological models and NWP

Currently available snow products from H SAF “operational”: Snow detection (snow mask) by VIS/IR radiometry Snow water equivalent by MW radiometry “pre-operational”: Effective snow cover by VIS/IR radiometry Snow status (dry/wet) by MW radiometry

Snow detection by VIS/IR radiometry Binary map of snow / no-snow situation. Using Meteosat/SEVIRI observation Different methods used for flat/forested and mountainous regions Daylight product, output result every 24h Probability Of Detection (POD): Flat / Forested areas: 85 % Mountainous areas: 70% False Alarm Rate (FAR): Flat / Forested areas: 15 %, Mountainous areas: 20%

Snow status (dry/wet) by MW radiometry status of the snow mantle, whether it is wet or dry and, in time series, thawing or freezing. Multi-channel MW observations SSMIS on DMSP (middle frequencies), and the algorithm is based on thresholding. Requirements: Hit Rate (HR): 80 % False Alarm Rate (FAR): 10 %

Effective snow cover by VIS/IR radiometry Multichannel (VIS, NIR, IR) analysis AVHRR on NOAA and Metop satellites Requirement: 65% overall accuracy Validation against snow observing stations

Snow water equivalent by MW radiometry Maps of snow water equivalent derived from MW measurements SSMIS on DMSP sensitive to snow thickness and density. Algorithm based on assimilating MW brightness temperatures of several channels at frequencies with different penetration in snow, into a first-guess field built by the (sparse) network of stations measuring snow depth. Requirements: Flat / Forested areas: 20mm Mountainous areas: 25mm

Interaction with Users: Services provided to users Documents ATBD Product User Manual Validation Report Near-Real-Time Products EUMETCast SAF User For each pixel do derive data done end Software and off-line products Internet (FTP, WEB) EUMETSAT Data Centre

Interaction with Users: Feedback provided to SAFs For each pixel do derive data done end User User Helpdesk Workshops Beta user programme

SAF Network Phasing SAF MSG EPS MTG NWC SAF OSI SAF O3M SAF NWP SAF CM SAF ROM SAF LSA SAF H - 1997 2007 2012 2017 2022 Developments and Initial Operations CDOP CDOP 2 CDOP 3 MSG EPS MTG EPS-SG

Synergy: Research -> Operations SAFs embedded programmatically in the EUMETSAT mandatory programmes, currently secured until 2022. Current proposal for a EPS Second Generation Programme foresees funding for SAF development and operations until 2032. The purpose and commitment of SAFs is to: deliver operational products addressing requirements of the EUMETSAT member states develop new products implementing mature retrievals validated by Research (transition from Research to Operations) Next SAF development and operations phase (CDOP-3 for 2017-2022): proposals expected end of 2015.

SAF implementing mature research algorithm Own Algorithm Development Implementation in processing chain Operational Data products

SAF implementing mature research algorithm Own Algorithm Development External Algorithm Development Implementation in processing chain Operational Data products Operational Data products

Summary SAF = Satellite Application Facility providing products and services to users on an operational basis with a long-term perspective specialised on topics and themes located at Weather Services in EUMETSAT Member and Co-operating States developed and operated by consortium of partners part of the EUMETSAT application ground segment complement production of standard meteorological products at EUMETSAT central facility in Darmstadt Data and software are usable free of charge

BACKUP SLIDES

Why SAFs ? Facts and Objectives New generation of Meteorological Satellites (MSG and Metop as well as MTG and EPS-SG) have much wider areas of application specific expertise available in EUMETSAT's Member and Cooperating States Objectives: SAF concept encourage the utilisation of existing skills and infrastructure in Member- and Cooperating States for developing geophysical data products and services Facilitating cost-effective exploitation by ensuring services are distributed in the most appropriate way SAFs improve the ability of EUMETSAT Member States to exploit satellite data Fostering development of cooperation with non-Member States and other organisations

Rapidly developing Thunderstorm Product Nowcasting SAF “Support to Nowcasting and Very Short Range Forecasting” (NWC SAF) established to utilise the new data from Geostationary satellites (Meteosat and others) and the polar platforms (Metop, NOAA, Soumi NPP) for enhancing Nowcasting Development of Software packages for the operational extraction of products relevant to Nowcasting and for local installation Leading Entity is the Spanish Meteorological Agency AEMET in Madrid Regular updated software packages since October 2004 Rapidly developing Thunderstorm Product

Sea surface temperature Ocean and Sea Ice SAF Sea surface temperature Ocean and Sea Ice (OSI) SAF routinely produces and disseminates products characterising the ocean surface and the energy fluxes across the sea surface Operationally produces information on the sea ice characteristics (extend, concentration, …) Leading Entity is Météo-France in Lannion OSI SAF distributes near real-time products based on NOAA, MSG, Metop, Oceansat, DMSP and GOES data Sea ice concentration

Ozone SAF SAF on Ozone and Atmospheric Chemistry Monitoring (O3M SAF) developed for the processing of data on ozone, other trace gases, aerosols and ultraviolet radiation Emphasis on the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME-2) and IASI on EPS (Metop) Leading Entity is the Finnish Meteorological Institute FMI, Helsinki First release of products in Summer 2007

Climate Monitoring SAF SAF on Climate Monitoring generates and archives high-quality data-set for specific climate application areas Currently concentrates on: cloud parameters radiation budget parameters atmospheric humidity Leading Entity is the German Weather Service DWD, Offenbach NOAA-AVHRR based data operationally produced since November 2004, MSG based data from October 2005, Metop data used since 2009. Climate Data Records: 20 years of SSM/I Water Vapour information released in 2009. NOAA-AVHRR based 20 years of homogeneous data record (clouds, surface radiation) released 2012 Upcoming Climate Data Records based on SEVIRI, ATOVS, SSM/I

NWP SAF SAF on Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP SAF) aims at increasing the benefits to Met.- Services from Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) develops advanced techniques for the effective use of satellite data development and maintenance of RTTOV radiative transfer model, ATOVS and AVHRR Pre-processing Package (AAPP) Leading Entity is the UK MetOffice, Exeter

ROM SAF SAF on Radio Occultation Meteorology GRAS: Global Positioning System (GPS) Receiver for Atmospheric Sounding flown on EPS/Metop satellites near real-time and offline: sounding data (temperature, pressure, humidity) corresponding validation products, and assimilation software The Leading Entity is the Danish Meteorological Institute DMI, Copenhagen Software packages released since 2007, first NRT product dissemination in October 2008

Land Surface Analysis SAF SAF on Land Surface Analysis (LSA SAF) established to increase the benefit from MSG and EPS data related to land, land- atmosphere interaction and biospheric applications Generates operationally data services related to Surface Radiation, Vegetation and wild fire Leading entity is the Portuguese Institute for Meteorology IM, Lisbon

Hydrology SAF SAF on Support to Operational Hydrology and Water Management Leading Entity: Italian Meteorological Service (USAM) SAF products focuses on precipitation soil moisture snow parameters utilisation of these parameters in hydrological models and NWP

SAF Development and Service Model Beta-User Tasks SAF Research and Development SAF Operations Initial Objectives Initial and new User Needs Needs for Changes and Improvements Delivered SAF Services Validated Products User Provided Operational Feedback

SAF Development and Service Model CDOP review logic Previous Phase Committed operations baseline Operational Readiness Reviews ORR Products Distribution Development Life Cycle of new operational chains updated baseline Operations Reporting User Support Provision Requirements Reviews Product Consolidation Reviews RR PCR OR updated baseline New/enhanced Products Definition Products Improvement Implementation User Workshops and Consultation Operation Reviews

CDOP-2: Second slice of the Continuous Development and Operations Phase SAF Network after 2012: funding for 5 years of CDOP-2 and 5 more years for a CDOP-3 foreseen within the MTG budget CDOP-2 started March 2012 Operational Continuation of existing products Development of new products and services (list of committed SAF products soon to be available). Preparation activities of Meteosat Third Generation (MTG) based products Exploitation of synergies within the Application Ground Segment (SAF Network + Central Facilities) Reprocessing and homogeneous data set generation (e.g. for climate applications) Integration and interfacing with other initiatives: GMES, WMO SCOPE-CM, EUMETCal, GHRSST, GODAE, ESA CCI, etc.

Examples for new Developments in CDOP-2 Long-term satellite data records: CM SAF: Meteosat since 1982 O3M SAF: GOME-2 since 2006 OSI SAF: Sea Ice since 1978, Sea Surface Temperature since 2002 ROM SAF: Reprocessing of all GNSS-RO missions (since 1995) LSA SAF: reprocessing of SEVIRI products (since 2002)

Application: PV GIS Country-scale and Europe / Africa Maps PV GIS also provides spatial maps for each European country of the solar energy potential (here for optimally-inclined PV modules for Germany) and the PV potential for Europe. CM SAF data is used to generate these freely available maps.

Application: SMA Solar Checker The freely available Solar Checker iPhone app by the company SMA uses the PV GIS data base to derive the solar energy potential: Put the iPhone on your roof; using GPS, compass and balance, the App determines the orientation of the roof and calculates the estimated energy yield and the estimate rate of return for a potential PV module. www.sma.de Products Plant Planning

Examples for new Developments in CDOP-2 Bringing external developments into operations: O3M SAF: IASI products developed at LATMOS LSA SAF: NDVI (vegetation index from VITO, Belgium) NWC SAF: Precipitation based on cloud microphysics (KNMI)

V2013, GEO-CRRv4.0 outlook CTMP Function: Based on the one developed by Roebeling and Holleman* Cloud Top Microphysical Properties used by this algorithm: Phase (Ph) Effective radius (Reff) Cloud water path (CWP) Two steps: 1.- Delimitation of the precipitation area 2.- Assignment of rain rates (*) Roebeling, R. A. and I. Holleman, 2009: SEVIRI rainfall retrieval and validation using weather radar observations. J. Geophys. Res., VOL. 114, D21202. Liquid water path (LWP) Ice water path (IWP)

PREPARATIONS FOR V2013 – DAY-TIME ALGORITHM Example over Spain 22th August 2008 at 14:00 UTC CRR (3D Matrices) CRR (CTMP function) Radar (PPI) 42

PREPARATIONS FOR V2013 – DAY-TIME ALGORITHM Comparison: 3D Matrices vs CTMP function Dataset: Spain: 46 days, May-September 2008, 10:00 – 14:00 UTC every 30 min RMS error decreases with CTMP function because precipitation maxima are better located and precipitation pattern is more accurate. False alarms increases 1% while probability of detection increases 24% for this dataset. 43

Examples for new Developments in CDOP-2 New satellite sensors: OSI SAF: OSCAT based wind products H SAF: GPM data NWC SAF: Soumi NPP VIIRS, additional GEO imager ROM SAF: cosmic Preparation for MTG and EPS-SG

Development of PR-OBS-2 Precipitation rate at ground by MW cross-track scanners Rome, Italy Flash Flood 20 Oct 2011 8:20 UTC MetOp-A AMSU/MHS NN trained with Cloud Dynamics and Radiation Database CDRD New Version NN trained with global Cloud Radiation DatabaseCRD CDOP-1 Initial Version Operational H02 Neural Network algorithm trained with a global CRD: not optimized for Europe/Mediterranean area; using different CRM than H01 Ver. 1 Under verification Operational Dec. 2012 Correction of corrupted channels [i.e., MetOp-A, AMSU-A Channel 7 (54 GHz)] Generation of a new version of the neural network algorithm, trained by the same CDRD as H01: Representativeness for Europe/Mediterranean basin Harmonize products from cross-track and conical MW scanners Improvement of the screening procedures (under particularly unfavourable backgrounds (e.g., snow cover, coastlines) Quality flag and indication of phase (under verification) H02A H-SAF Area H02B Extension to Full Disk Area (exp. op. 2014) Ver. 2 H18A H-SAF area: introduction of SSI index. (exp. op. 2017) H18B Full Disk Area (exp. op. 2017) CDOP-2

Concept of the Hydrological Validation H-SAF workshop, 29.11 - 02.12 2011, Roma 46

Test catchments of the Hydrological Program H-SAF workshop, 29.11 - 02.12 2011, Roma 47

Examples for new Developments in CDOP-2 New product developments: NWC SAF: Convection Initiation, Extrapolated Imagery, precipitation approach O3M SAF: trace gases (Formaldehyde, BrO, ..) and aerosol properties from GOME-2 LSA / CM SAF: long-wave surface radiation from SEVIRI