Refinement of Bolide Characteristics from Infrasound measurements

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Presentation transcript:

Refinement of Bolide Characteristics from Infrasound measurements Nayeob(Caroline) Gi and Peter Brown University of Western Ontario, Canada Meteoroids 2016 : June 9, 2016

Infrasound f

Meteor Infrasound Meteoroid intersects Earth and “collides” Typical velocity ~20 km/s (11 – 73 km/s) Meteoroid size: 0.1 – 10 m 2) Around 80 – 100 km Meteoroid becomes luminous 3) Hypersonic shock wave Cylindrical line source 4) 15 – 40 km: Fragmentation Point (spherical) source 5) Meteorites 6) Ducted sound “heard” at Infrasound station

International Monitoring System (IMS) Network 1 km 2-3 km Elginfield, ON, Canada Tristan da Cunha, U.K.

Objectives To improve overall energy estimates and uncertainties for bolides To determine empirical correlations between bolide infrasound signal metrics and JPL bolide energy modified by secondary characteristics (height, speed, and entry angle)

Only multi-station events with Periods averaged (Ens et al., 2012) Only multi-station events with Periods averaged JPL energy (KT of TNT)

NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) fireball data

Period-Energy relationship 174 individual bolide events (2006-2015) 34 multi-station events Speed at peak brightness Period(s) Height at peak brightness Period(s) JPL energy (kT) JPL energy (kT)

Chelyabinsk Fireball - IS46 Date: Feb 15, 2013 Time: 03:20:33 UT (09:20:33 local) Location: S. of Chelyabinsk, Russia (54.8N, 61.1E) IS46 location: 53.95N, 84.82E I31 I43 I46 I34 I26 I18 I45 I44 I54 I32 I52 I10 I33 I56 I57 I59 I05 I27 Infrasound Stations

Infratool & PMCC PMCC result Inframeasure analysis result Consistency (s) Correlation Azimuth (deg) Speed (km/s) PMCC result Inframeasure analysis result Period: 21.079 sec Max. Amplitude: 1.4898 Pa Travel Time: 5056.0 sec Infratool result

Raytracing - GeoAc Source height range 20-45km receiver

Composite Plots

ReVelle (1974) Weak Shock Model Analytical model - requires well defined input parameters, such as entry angle, velocity, blast radius (Ro), etc. Model predicts the infrasonic signal overpressure(amplitude) and period at the ground Energy Deposition - Chelyabinsk Energy per unit length (kT/km) Height (km)

IS46 Blast Radius Modeling Fundamental Period Estimate Geopotential Height (km) Transition Height Signal Period (sec)

Antarctica Fireball –IS27 Date: Sep 3, 2004 Time: 12:07:24 UT Location: Antarctica (67.64’S, 18.83’E) IS27 location: 70.66’S, 8.32’W Visible Sensor Lightcurve Radiated Power (Watts/Steradian) Time (sec) relative to 12:07:24 UT

Infratool & Inframeasure Power Spectral Density Frequency (Hz) Spectral Power (Pa^2/Hz) Inframeasure analysis result Travel Time: 4281.0 sec Freq. @ Max. PSD : 0.02441 Hz Max. Amplitude: 0.47869 Pa Period: 39.801 sec Stacked Bolide Waveform and Amplitude Envelope 39.246sec 40.356sec Stacked Bolide Waveform and Amplitude Envelope Bolide Signal Time (sec) Signal Amplitude (Pa) Signal Amplitude (Pa) Infratool result Bolide Signal Time (sec)

Composite Plots Midpoint (69.18’S,3.05’E) Bolide location (67.70’S,18.20’E) Midpoint (69.18’S,3.05’E)

Summary Chelyabinsk (IS46) source height ~30km Antarctica (IS27) source height ~35km Next Steps Apply range dependent atmosphere model for raytracing Validate the method for determining the likely source height using other events

Thank you!

(Brown et al., 2013)

METHOD: Infratool F-statistic Trace velocity Back Azimuth

METHOD: Inframeasure analysis

Back Azimuth deviation (Ens et al., 2012)

Infratool & PMCC PMCC result Inframeasure analysis result Consistency (s) Correlation Azimuth (deg) Speed (km/s) PMCC result Inframeasure analysis result Period: 45.721 sec Max. Amplitude: 0.47869 Pa Travel Time: 4281.0 sec Infratool result