Taxonomy and Phylogenetics

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Presentation transcript:

Taxonomy and Phylogenetics Classifying organisms into groups

Mollusca Mammalia Arthropoda Echinodermata Cnidaria Clam Cuttlefish Abalone Sea Otter Orca Manatee Polar Bear Arthropoda Echinodermata Shrimp Crab Sea Star Sea Urchin Sea Cucumber Cnidaria FISH (Chondricthyes) Sea Anemone Jellyfish Sting Ray Shark

Phylogenetics the study of evolutionary relationships is based on how closely related species are to each other ex. The beluga whale is more closely related to humans than sharks, they have a more recent common ancestor

How can you tell if species are closely related? Physical structure Reproduction method Larval and embryological development DNA/RNA sequences Behavior (mating, feeding, etc) Type of Symmetry Cell structure

Eukaryotes versus prokaryotes Eukaryotes: complex cells with nuclei and many cell organelles (Animals, plants, fungi and protists) Prokaryotes: simple cells with no nuclear membrane and few organelles (archaea and eubacteria)

Autotrophs versus Heterotrophs Autotrophs: create their own nutrients through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis (plants, protists/algae, and some bacteria) Heterotrophs: Must obtain their nutrients from other organisms (animals, fungi, some algae and bacteria)

Taxonomy Groups (taxa) are arranged in a hierarchy that extends from the most general classification down to the most specific. Kingdom…………………Animalia Phylum…………………..Chordata Class……………………..Mammalia Order……………………..Primates Family……………………Hominidae Genus……………………Homo Species………………….sapiens King Philip Came Over From Great Spain

Brainpop! BrainPOP | Classification