China under Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping Ch. 31 (pp. 905 – 907) & Ch. 32 (p. 923)

Communism in China During WWII, Japan partially occupied China, thus temporarily quelling the battle between Chiang’s republican government & Mao’s communists After the war, however, Mao’s army defeated Chiang’s troops Chiang’s republic driven to the island of Taiwan Mao established the People’s Republic of China

China Under Mao Early on, Mao worked with & imitated many communist models of the Soviet Union Mao’s focus on the peasants, however, caused him to eventually break away from Soviet-style communism

China Under Mao Late 1950s, Mao instituted the Great Leap Forward Emphasized agricultural & industrial development Collectivized farms, make private farming illegal, set quotas on industrial production Focused too strongly on industry, resulting in mass famine & failure of the program Severely damaged Chinese economy

China Under Mao 1966, Mao instituted the Cultural Revolution Another program focused on economic development, but also strongly tied to social & political change Called for a removal of all “old China” vestiges Removal of hierarchal bureaucracies, Confucianism & Buddhist ideology, institutes of higher education, etc. Focus was on strict equality & Mao’s personal ideologies Ex. The Little Red Book Like the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution severely damaged China

China Under Deng Xiaoping 1976, Mao died leaving China in a very poor state Deng Xiaoping, Mao’s successor, encouraged a mix of socialism & capitalism to revive the economy Socialist market economy Successful China’s government still retained control of most sectors of the economy

China Under Deng Xiaoping 1989, Students demanding more economic reforms & liberalization gathered in Tiananmen Square in Beijing to protest Mostly non-violent (civil resistance) Lasted 7 weeks before the government responded with military intervention Hundreds to thousands killed

China Today China remains the largest communist-controlled country in the world Increasingly prosperous due to exports