Water in the Desert Seat work Egypt Under the Pharaohs Water in the Desert Seat work Students will quietly enter the room, find your seats and discuss your three sticky notes on pages 144-151 with your row group. Central Question: How did the Nile River effect the development of Egyptian society? (3.5e) Have students review what they learned about civilizations in the Fertile Crescent. Guide them to point out how important the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers were. Then have students predict what they will learn about the importance of rivers in ancient Egypt. When you have finished reading the section, have students come back to their predictions to see which ones were accurate.

Introduction Chapter Introduction This chapter will introduce you to Ancient Egypt and Nubia. You will learn all about the cultures of those two regions, as well as the way geography affected people’s lives. Section 1: Egypt Under the Pharaohs Section 3: Egypt and Nubia

Key Ideas Egypt’s unique geography helped shape Egypt Under the Pharaohs Key Ideas Egypt’s unique geography helped shape its civilization and farming methods. Pharaohs belonging to dynasties ruled Egypt and were seen as gods. Egyptians worshiped many gods.

Key Terms cataract—group of rocky rapids Egypt Under the Pharaohs Key Terms cataract—group of rocky rapids delta—a flat plain formed on a seabed where a river deposits material over many years artisan—skilled worker who practices a handicraft pharaoh—king of ancient Egypt Students should use the Word Wise feature in this chapter of their Student Journal to explore Key Terms.

Key Terms dynasty—a series of rulers from the same family Egypt Under the Pharaohs Key Terms dynasty—a series of rulers from the same family bureaucracy—a system of government officials who carry out government rules and regulations mummy—a body that has been preserved so it will not decompose Students should use the Word Wise feature in this chapter of their Student Journal to explore Key Terms.

Egypt Under the Pharaohs The Nile River Valley At about 3,500 miles (5,400km), the Nile River is the world’s longest river. Its sources are the Blue Nile and White Nile. The Nile divides Egypt into Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. Cataracts separate the two parts. Egyptians called the fertile area along the river “the black land.” Floods renewed “the Black Land” for farming. Floods could also cause much destruction. Egyptians called the deserts “the Red Land.”

Civilization Develops Egypt Under the Pharaohs Civilization Develops How did technology aid Egypt’s food production? How did increased food production affect people’s livelihoods? What are artisans?

Egypt Under the Pharaohs The Kingdoms of Egypt Egypt was first united in about 3000 B.C. The pharaoh then wore a double crown. The Old Kingdom lasted several hundred years. The Middle Kingdom lasted about 400 years and ended in civil war. The New Kingdom was the high point of Egyptian power and prosperity. It was destroyed by foreign invaders. The Egyptian bureaucracy handled government business. It was a model for later governments.

Two Great Rulers How were the reigns of Hatshepsut and Egypt Under the Pharaohs Two Great Rulers How were the reigns of Hatshepsut and Ramses II different from each other? Hatshepsut Ramses II Have students fill in the chart with ways in which the two rulers were different from each other. Discuss students’ charts as a class.

Egyptian Society How was Egyptian society structured? Egypt Under the Pharaohs Egyptian Society How was Egyptian society structured? What does it mean that the pharaoh is “at the top of the pyramid”? Which social group was at the bottom of the social pyramid? Refer students to this feature in Section 1 of the Student Edition.

Mummification What was the significance of Egypt Under the Pharaohs Mummification What was the significance of mummification for the ancient Egyptians? How did the process of mummification advance the Egyptians’ knowledge of anatomy? How did mummification advance the arts in ancient Egypt? Direct students to the Mummies and Mummification feature in section 1. Remind them that “anatomy” in this context means the structure of the human body.

Egyptian Writing Egyptians developed one of the first systems Art, Architecture, and Learning in Egypt Egyptian Writing Egyptians developed one of the first systems of writing and some of the world’s earliest literature. What was it?

Citation A beginning

Rotations Rotation 1 Rotation 2 Not today Group 1 Handheld Device Research Station Group 1 Group 3 Group 2 Group 4