Notes that can be used to study for the China test

Huang He—-Yellow because of Loess --Loess is a fertile yellow-brown soil ---Loess builds up and causes destructive flooding ----The floods bring fertile soil to lowlands Chang—longest river in China --3rd longest river in world ---Home to Three Gorges Dam—worlds largest dam Xi– also known as the West River --major shipping route in South China

In China not everyone was ________________. The population was divided into different ________________________. equal Social classes

At the top of the China’s society were the ________________________ At the top of the China’s society were the ________________________. These were wealthy, educated ______________________. The Gentry did not have to ___________________ or do physical labor. To symbolize their status as non-workers many Gentry would let their _____________________grow very long. gentry landowners work fingernails

Most ____________________ came from the Gentry class Most ____________________ came from the Gentry class. They collected taxes, kept the peace, and advised the ___________________. The Gentry had time for arts like ____________________ or writing poetry. Government officials emperor painting

Most of the people in China were _______________________ Most of the people in China were _______________________. Few were wealthy. Many owned small plots of land or were __________________ farmers for the landowners. Others did not own _____________________ and were simply ______________. peasants tenant land laborers

Peasants lived in small __________________________ Peasants lived in small __________________________. The Village headman and ______________________ of families kept order. _____________________ were paid to the imperial government. Peasants were still considered to be above artisans (people who made stuff), merchants (people who sold stuff), and soldiers in Chinese society. villages Heads Taxes

Lower classes could move up in society by getting an _______________________. If they studied hard and passed a difficult ________________________________ they could become government officials and rise in society. education examination

Family Life Family played an important role in Chinese farming society. Only by __________________________________ could a Chinese family produce what it needed to survive. Younger members had to ____________________________. Working together Respect their elders

Joint family The ___________________________ was the ideal family in China. This included many generations living together (another term for this is ___________________________________). The oldest ________________ had the authority over the rest. Many family members of the poor ____________ of diseases. Children often died ________________. Extended family male died young

The idea of _____________________________ meant that from birth children learned to put the family’s interests before ____________________________. Parents expected __________________________________ and respect. Filial piety Their own Complete obedience

Filial piety included respect and reverence for the family’s ______________________. The Chinese believed the extended family included both the ____________________ and the ________________________. The living were expected to provide the ancestors with _____________________ and _______________________ throughout the year. The ____________ of the family were needed to carry out this ritual. ancestors living dead food clothing sons

In China marriages were arranged by _________________________ In China marriages were arranged by _________________________. This was a chance for the _______________________ to strengthen their place in society through a bride’s wealth. Peasants looked for a bride who would ___________________hard and bear many ________________________. Marriages also had to be approved by the ___________________. Marriage dates were set based on numbers that would bring ___________________ _________________. parents gentry work children ancestors Good fortune/luck

In China ________________ were inferior to __________________ In China ________________ were inferior to __________________. ____________ were only valued for the work they could do and ______________ they could produce. women men Girls/women children

When married a young girl would become a member of the ________________ family. Often the mother-in-laws were _________________ to the young brides. Because of __________________________ the young women had to show respect to the mother-in-laws no matter how much they mistreated them. If a women gave birth to a ____________ she gained ____________. husbands Harsh/cruel Filial piety son Honor/respect

Around 950 AD the process of _______________ ______________ became popular. Only women with bound feet would be considered beautiful and would be able to find a husband. Foot binding

_______________ was a Chinese Philosopher who emphasized peace and harmony. Confucius Believed in filial piety and superiors should be responsible for the_____________________of those inferior to them. Well being Wrote a book called __________________ The Analects Believed in 5 _______________ Friend and friend Ruler and ruled relationships Husband and wife Father and son Older brother and younger brother Filial piety

___________ was founded by Philosopher Believed people should do nothing against _____________ Wrote a book called __________________________________________ The Way of Virtue nature The best government is the one with the fewest __________ ___________ was founded by Philosopher Lao Zi Daoism laws People respond to ____________ and __________________. rewards punishment legalism _________________ was started by philosopher Han Feizi Wrote a book called ___________ Han Feizi Only harsh ___________ imposed by a _____________ ruler would ensure order in society. laws strict

Buddhism came to China from _________ Stressed ____________ And ____________ mercy India compassion Instead of earthly life it dealt with life after ___________ death Salvation for those who lived ______________________ punishment ___________ for the wicked Moral lives

(re)builds infrastructure Gives ____________to peasants Dynastic Cycle New Dynasty Brings ___________ (re)builds infrastructure Gives ____________to peasants ___________the people Old Dynasty _______people too much ____________protecting the people let’s infrastructure decay Treats people _________. peace taxes Generations go by . . . stops land protects unfairly New Dynasty claims ___________________________ Dynasty ________Mandate of Heaven loses Mandate Of Heaven problems ________are a sign of a Dynasty ending! Natural disasters __________________ Invasions Bandits in the country Peasant revolts

Time period Dynasty Leader(s) Accomplishments Irrigation, flood control, writing system, accurate calendar, bronze making, silk making, pottery Shang 1650 BC many S Shi Huandgi United China, single-law code, uniform weights and measures, built roads, built Great Wall Qin 221 BC Expanded China, expanded trade, set up Civil Service exam, medical advances, first university, improved calendar, invented the seismograph, advances in farming, paper making Han 206 BC Liu Bang Increased trade, built a strong navy, invented the sternpost rudder, invented magnetic compass, invented block printing and moveable type, conquered Vietnam 618-907 Tang &Song 960-1279

Time period Dynasty Leader(s) Accomplishments Built efficient transportation system, built a messenger system to carry news across China **Marco Polo visits Mongol/ Yuan Kublai Khan 1279 Revived Confucian learning, expanded the civil service, built the Forbidden City, explored SE Asia, India, and Africa Ming Hung Wu Ming 1368 Manchurians controlled China, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Nepal, Vietnam, Korea *Limited contact with foreigners The Manchus Qing 1644-1911 The Chinese believed that heaven granted a ruler their Mandate, or right to rule. --The people owed the ruler their complete loyalty and obedience --The ruler had to provide a good and fair government If a ruler failed to provide a peaceful protected kingdom, then the people had the right to rebel.