Active vs. Passive Voice

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Presentation transcript:

Active vs. Passive Voice

Active vs. Passive Voice Passive: The entrance exam was failed by over one-third of the applicants to the school. Active: Over one-third of the applicants to the school failed the entrance exam. The subject of the sentence is performing the action. This means the sentence is written in the active voice. Purdue OWL

Active vs. Passive Voice Passive: The brakes were slammed on by her as the car sped downhill. Active: She slammed on the brakes as the car sped downhill. Purdue OWL

Active vs. Passive Voice Passive: Your bicycle has been damaged. Active: I have damaged your bicycle. Purdue OWL

Recognizing Passive Voice You can recognize passive-voice expressions because the verb phrase will always include a form of be, such as am, is, was, were, are, or been. The presence of a be-verb, however, does not necessarily mean that the sentence is in passive voice. Passive voice sentences may include a "by the..." phrase after the verb. The agent performing the action, if named, is the object of the preposition in this phrase. Passive: At that point, the song will have been completely remixed by the audio engineers. Purdue OWL

Reasons to Avoid the Passive Voice It can make your sentences sound awkward. The brakes were slammed on by her as the car sped downhill. It can make your writing seem dull and uninteresting. Sentences in active voice are more concise than those in passive voice. Fewer words are required to express action in active voice than in passive. Purdue OWL

Changing Passive Voice to Active Voice Find the agent in a "by the..." phrase, or consider carefully who or what is performing the action expressed in the verb. Make that agent the subject of the sentence, and change the verb accordingly. (Sometimes you will need to infer the agent from the surrounding sentences which provide context.) Purdue OWL

Changing Passive Voice to Active Voice Passive: The book is being read by most of the class.

Changing Passive Voice to Active Voice Passive: Results will be published in the next issue of the journal.

Changing Passive Voice to Active Voice Passive: A policy of whitewashing and cover-up has been pursued by the CIA director and his close advisors.

Changing Passive Voice to Active Voice Passive: Traces of ice have been discovered on the surface of Mars.