How was the government able to defeat the Northern Rebellion? The Royal army had difficulty in raising men but they were able to pursue the rebels back to the North East. Despite taking Barnard Castle, the Earls fled to Scotland in December 1569, but Northumberland was captured by Scottish forces and handed back to Elizabeth, who later executed him. Westmorland evaded capture and fled abroad. Elizabeth confiscated all the property of the earls. Mary, Queen of Scots was moved away from the north. Elizabeth, despite pressure from her Privy Council, refused to deal more harshly with Mary. In wanting to deter future potential rebels, Elizabeth ordered the execution of 700 rebels – but only 450 rebels were executed.

Learning objective – to be able to improve responses to a 12 mark Explain why question. I can describe key factors. Grade 3 I can explain the significance of key factors. Grade 6 I can explain and assess the degree of significance of key factors. Grade 9

Rainbow mark this paragraph, highlighting in different colours the following features – The subject or main point of the paragraph. The key evidence given to support the main point of the paragraph. The main judgement in the paragraph. Important developments in science and technology were a decisive factor in explaining the changes in weapons during 1500 and 1700. This was particularly so in explaining the rise of muskets. The ability to mass produce bullets and muskets allowed for all soldiers being armed with muskets during this period. This was particularly important as bullets were able to pierce plate armour unlike arrows – the predominant projectile before 1500. Improvements in making lighter metals was also important in not only producing muskets but also lighter cannons, called field guns, which could be used on the battlefield more frequently. Science and technology was the most important factor in enabling countries to make more advanced weapons on a mass scale – the most important change in weapon development between 1500 and 1700.

Explain why recruitment and training changed between 1500 and 1700 Explain why recruitment and training changed between 1500 and 1700. You may use the following in your answer: The creation of the New Model Army The influence of Oliver Cromwell You must use information of your own. [12 marks]

Organise the following statements about changes under the following headings – New Model Army, Cromwell and Weapons. The New Model Army was the first national, permanent army in England. It was easier and quicker to train men with a musket compared with a longbow. Cromwell was a key figure in drawing up the Self-Denying Ordinance and the New Model Army Act in 1645. Pikes and muskets required new formations to maximise their use. Cromwell was a charismatic leader who had strong support for his changes. The New Model Army was led by men of merit rather than social standing. Cromwell campaigned for strict discipline and drill training. The New Model Army introduced drill training. A well-drilled and disciplined force was easier to achieve if men were paid and professionally trained. Before 1645, Commissioners of Array and impressment to recruit men. These methods failed. New tactics using pikemen, musketeers and cavalry developed and required improved training. Cromwell was a key Member of Parliament who campaigned for a more professional army.

How did the Norfolk Marriage Plot spark rebellion? The discovery of the Norfolk marriage plot led to Norfolk being sent to the Tower. The earls of Northumberland and Westmorland feared arrest and decided to launch their planned rebellion anyway. On 8th November, the Earls ordered their tenants to join in with their rebellion to restore Catholicism in England. They marched on Durham Cathedral, expelling James Pilkington and destroying any evidence of Protestantism and held Mass.

How was the government able to defeat the Northern Rebellion? Why did it fail? Earls were poor leaders Unclear aims – replace Elizabeth or just free Mary? Limited support Effective government reaction

What was the significance of the Northern Rebellion? It was the first and most serious rebellious act by English Catholics. The lack of domestic support for the rebels as well as the eventual size of the Royal army demonstrated the popularity of Elizabeth. It led to harsher treatment of English Catholics, such as \the Earl of Huntingdon’s measures in surpressing Catholicism in the north. The revolt encouraged Pope Pius VI to excommunicate Elizabeth. His papal Bull not only excommunicated Elizabeth but also encouraged her assassination. This marked a turning point in the relationship between Elizabeth and Catholics, who now became a greater threat to her.

Plenary – a touch of Scrabble The mystery word that relates to this lesson is worth ...... 12 points ..... Using the Scrabble score card, can you work out which word it is?