Simple Past protiv Present Perfect-a

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Presentation transcript:

Simple Past protiv Present Perfect-a Kada koristimo jedno a kada drugo vrijeme?

Zapamti: Na primjer . . . Gramatika u sebi nosi određeno značenje! I uvijek slijedi određenu logiku. Različita gramatička vremena se koriste u različitim situacijama ili kontekstima, i u svakoj situaciji ili kontekstu oni nose određeno značenje. Na primjer . . .

Upotrijebi simple past za radnju koja se dogodila u prošlosti i koja je: gotova, izvršena, završena! (BILO/PROŠLO/ NIKAD VIŠE) Upotrijebi present perfect za radnju koja je započela u prošlosti, ali . . . se odnosi na ono što vidimo u sadašnjosti! (Još uvijek jeste)

The simple past uvijek se odnosi na radnju ili stanje koje je završeno. The present perfect povezuje prošlost i sadašnjost. Njime opisujemo radnju ili stanje koje je započelo u prošlosti i/ili: -još uvijek traje, ili -moglo bi se ponoviti u budućnosti

Usporedimo značenje ove dvije rečenice: 1. Sara lived in Boston for 5 years. 2. Sara has lived in Boston for 5 years. U prvoj smo rečenici upotrijebili: Simple Past U drugoj smo rečenici upotrijebili: Present Perfect

Sara lived in Boston for 5 years. Značenje: the simple past tense u ovoj rečenici znači da je Sara počela živjeti u Bostonu prije 5 godina . . . I . . . da više ne živi tamo! Sada živi negdje drugdje. Zapamti, the simple past koristimo za nešto što je BILO/PROŠLO i NIKAD VIŠE!

Sara has lived in Boston for 5 years. Značenje: the present perfect tense u ovoj rečenici znači da je Sara počela živjeti u Bostonu prije 5 godina . . . I . . . još uvijek živi tamo. Zapamti, present perfect povezuje prošlost i sadašnjost.

Simple past koristimo s riječima i izrazima poput: yesterday last Saturday, week, month, year, etc. _______ ago when I was… in 1990 (past date) Present perfect koristimo s riječima poput: recently/lately since … so far this week, month, year, etc.

Zapamti i ovo o present perfect-u: Present perfect vrlo često koristimo kada želimo reći da se nešto dogodilo prije no što smo očekivali. Primjer: Jan: Don’t forget to mail that letter. Tom: I’ve already mailed it.

Present perfect vrlo često koristimo kada želimo reći da nešto nikada nismo uradili bilo kada (do sada). Primjer: I have never visited London. But someday, I hope to travel there.

Present perfect vrlo često koristimo s izrazom: “This is the first time.” Primjer: Leonard is nervous. This is the first time he has flown on an airplane!

Present perfect vrlo često koristimo s riječima “ever” i “never.” Primjer: Patricia: Have you ever played tennis? Linda: No, I’ve never played before, but I would like to learn!

Zapamti! Kada pričamo o određenom trenutku koji je završio (prošao) u prošlosti (yesterday, last month, itd.), ne možemo upotrijebiti Present Perfect. U takvim slučajevima uvijek ćemo upotrijebiti the simple past.

For Izjavni oblik I / You / We / They + HAVE + Past Participle (=3. stupac) He / She / It + HAS + Past Participle (=3. stupac)

Negacijski oblik I / You / We / They + HAVEN’T + Past Participle (=3. stupac) He / She / It + HASN’T + Past Participle (=3. stupac)

UPITNI OBLIK HAVE + I / YOU / WE / THEY + Past Participle(=3. stupac)…? HAS + HE /SHE /IT + Past Participle (=3. stupac)…?

Vježbe! Upotrijebi simple past ili present perfect i objasni zašto si upotrijebio jedno ili drugo vrijeme. 1. When I was a child, I ________ (swim) a lot. 2. So far this week, we ________ (study) a lot. 3. Theo __________ (be) very sick recently. 4. I _________ (have) a terrible headache yesterday. 5. It ________ (rain) a lot lately. 6. They _______ (get) married ten years ago. 7. I ________ (be) to Balboa Park many times. 8. My family ________ (take) a vacation last year.

Odgovori iz prethodne vježbe! 1. When I was a child, I swam a lot. 2. So far this week, we have studied a lot. 3. Theo has been very sick recently. 4. I had a terrible headache yesterday. 5. It has rained a lot lately. 6. They got married ten years ago. 7. I have been to Balboa Park many times. (possibly again in the future) 8. My family took a vacation last year.

That’s all, folks! Thank you!