Political Challenges in the Modern World

United Nations Globalization- International integration of countries due to the convergence of world views, products, ideas, culture, etc. Symbol of globalism Founded 1945 Peace Human dignity Discuss import issues + recommend actions Address economic, political, environmental, and social concerns Security Council (US, Russia, China, Great Britain, France, + 10) Peacekeeping Forces

Ethnic and Political Challenges in Europe Northern Ireland Protestants vs. Catholics Civil War Bosnian Civil War Serbs vs. Bosnian Muslims Independence in Cyprus Greeks vs. Turks Yugoslavia Ukraine

Ethnic and Political Challenges in Africa Conflicts due to colonial borders Independent nations Diverse ethnic, linguistic, and territorial groups Genocide in Rwanda Genocide in Darfur Arab Spring 2011 Egypt Libya Syria

Ethnic and Political Challenges in Asia Tibet vs. China Dalai Lama Independence of East Timor from Indonesia Violence between Christians and Muslims Democratic elections held in 2007 Sri Lanka Buddhists vs. Hindus

Ethnic and Political Challenges in Latin America Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva in Brazil Resurgence of democracy Economic growth Hugo Chavez in Venezuela Nationalize energy Nationalize communication Reduce foreign influence Neocolonialism

International Security and Terrorism Weapons of Mass Destruction Chemical Biological Nuclear Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT)- prevents/limits spread of nuclear weapons production technology and knowledge to nations without that capability Have not joined: Israel, North Korea, India, Pakistan Have violated: Iran

International Security and Terrorism Biological and chemical weapons Historical Uses Bioterrorism Syria Terrorism is not specific to the Middle East, Islam, or the 21st Century Irish Republican Army in Northern Ireland (IRA) Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) in Spain Shining Path in Peru

International Security and Terrorism Terrorism- indiscriminant violence and intimidation to create fear in order to achieve a political, religious, or ideological aim Intent: Produce widespread fear Obtain recognition through media Humiliate/weaken government security forces Steal or extort money/equipment vital to cause Destroy facilities and disrupt communication Discourage foreign investment, tourism, etc. Control local populace/regions Satisfy vengeance Influence government decisions

International Security and Terrorism September 11, 2001 Middle East Iraq War 2003 Civil War Sunnis vs. Shia Arab-Israeli Conflicts Christians vs. Muslims vs. Jews Kurds, Armenians, Chaldeans, Alawites Oil, Water, Land War Against the West Globalization Foreign oil investment Tradition vs. Modernity