The Practice, Profession, and Research PSY 313 Instructor: Dr. Emily Bullock
Your Thoughts How do you see the role of career counseling in the broader spectrum of therapy and/or helping? What have been your experiences with career assistance? Who has helped you in educational/career pursuits throughout your life? What was that experience with help like? How did you perceive your helper? Small groups discuss and compile group members reactions to these questions and report the groups information back to the entire class.
The History From farms to factories Frank Parson’s 3 step model and Choosing a Vocation Advocacy for vocational issues by NVGA now NCDA Vocational Testing: WWI Army Alpha and Beta tests The Depression created a need for more systematic method of career counseling Career theories emerge in 1950’s: Roe’s, Super’s, Holland’s Women working-WW2 Today: ASK CLASS: what is work like today, how does one progress through a career Self vs organization: concept that today we need to encourage our clients to develop their worth as a worker rather than focusing all energy on the company they are with now Career died: discuss the idea that there is no longer such a concept as a career
Career Counseling and Vocational Psychology Vocational Psychology is the scientific and research field that informs the understanding of personal career development, career assessment, and the practice of career counseling Career counseling is the helping field that focuses on aiding individuals in their career development across the lifespan National Career Development Association www.ncda.org Career Convergence Consumer info-find a counselor Career Development Facilitator & Career Coaches Professional training and resource guidelines
NCDA 11 Career Counseling Competencies Career Development Theory Individual and Group Counseling Skills Individual/Group Assessment Information/Resources Program Promotion, Management, and Implementation Coaching, Consultation, and Performance Improvement Diverse Populations Supervision Ethical/Legal Issues Research/Evaluation Technology http://www.ncda.org/pdf/counselingcompetencies.pdf
Theories of Career Development Career Counselors utilizes specific theories or approaches to career development to work with clients Holland’s Theory Cognitive Information Processing Approach Gottfredson’s Theory Super’s Theory
Vocational Rehabilitation: A related field “Counsel individuals to maximize the independence and employability of persons coping with personal, social, and vocational difficulties that result from birth defects, illness, disease, accidents, or the stress of daily life.” (http://online.onetcenter.org) Often works for government or community-based organization to get individuals BACK to work
Career Counseling and Social Advocacy Counselor Training Multicultural competency Personal biases Role of racism, sexism, and political & economic disenfranchisement Illegal immigration Differences across cultures
Career Counseling and Mental Health The role of work in people’s lives Admundson & Borgen’s concepts of grieving the job loss process Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance Job search burnout Enthusiasm, stagnation, frustration, apathy, and further depression EAP counseling Systems approach to career issues Differences between career and other issues
Your Client does not Work The use of career counseling theories and concepts in: Retirement planning Volunteer planning Leisure planning Appropriate decision making
Current Research in Vocational Psychology Career Counseling and Students (Fabio & Bernaud, 2008) RAISEC and U.S. population (Reardon et.al., 2007) http://online.onetcenter.org/ Self Efficacy (Bandura, 1977, 1982, 1993, 1997; Betz 1992) Decision Making (Harren, 1979; Blustein et.al, 1989; Brisbin & Savickas, 1994; Super, 1955; Gushue et.al., 2006) Journal of Career Development Journal of Vocational Behavior Journal of Career Assessment Career Development Quarterly