Topics Origin and adaptive superiority of vascular system, seed and flower Lycophytes – Club mosses Pteridophytes – Ferns and allies – one phylum Gymnosperms – four phyla Angiosperms – one phylum – most plants
Seedless Vascular Plants Kingdom – Plantae Ch. 27. p. 568-569. Seedless Vascular Plants Club ‘mosses’ (Lycopodiophyta) and Ferns (Pteridophyta) – two clades Vascular tissue - large size - strength - lignin sporophytic dominance
Pteridophyta - Life Cycle Kingdom – Plantae Ch. 27. p. 573. Pteridophyta - Life Cycle
plant life cycles compared I – the homosporous life cycle (nonvascular plants, most seedless vascular plants) released and disseminated spore growth by mitosis meiosis gametophyte haploid sporangium mature sporophyte archegonia antheridia diploid egg growth by mitosis sperm embryo zygote fertilization
Seed Develops from Consists of Kingdom – Plantae Ch. 28, p. 578-580. Seed Develops from Fertilized ovule (Ovule = Megasporangium covered by integument) Consists of Embryonic sporophyte Nutritive tissue Protective coat Seeds covered in ovary (fruit) – Angiosperms not covered in ovary but on open scales of cones – no fruit – Gymnosperms Draw the cladogram of seed plants
phylum Cycadophyta - cycads Dioecious
Phylum Ginkgophyta - the ginkgo tree – Gingko biloba
Phylum – Coniferophyta (Pinophyta) female pine cone
cluster of male pine cones
white pine – an important northern commercial species
stand of longleaf pines – an important southern commercial species
Phylum - Gnetophyta Ephedra spp. Gnetum spp.
parts of complete flower male parts female parts
a typical fruit – the apple expanded ovary wall seeds
monocots vs. dicots – the flower lily – a monocot – count the petals monocots vs. dicots – the flower hibiscus – a dicot – count the petals orchid – a monocot – count the petals
monocots vs. dicots – the leaves monocot leaf monocot leaf dicot leaves petiole
monocots vs. dicots – the seeds
structure of a dicot seed - notice the two cotyledons
monocot vs. dicot stem c/s xylem phloem conducts water and dissolved minerals conducts dissolved sugars monocot stem vascular bundles dicot stem
some typical monocots corn wheat rice
some typical monocots grass bamboo sugar cane
garlic and onion - monocots
tulips – a monocot
rose some typical dicots tomatoes live oak