Chapter 21: Leading up to war Learning Objectives: Explain how dictators were able to gain power in 1930s Explain how Japan expanded during 1930s Describe how American felt about joining another world war Explain why the US joined the war Language Objectives: Compose news broadcasts to retell story of the outbreak of WWII Match vocab words with definitions by reading & listening Form, state, & discuss opinion on a war topic Identify ways to recognize a point of view

The rise of dictators The US benefited from WWI in the 1920s Economy got strong from supplying goods America had no damage to the country European countries were still trying to rebuild Their economies were destroyed Some countries tried to start democracies Some countries were desperate for things to get better, so they looked to strong leaders (dictators) to fix things Dictators are rulers who have complete power in a country

Communism in the Soviet Union Communism took over Russia Communist Party leads a revolution Country name changes to Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), or Soviet Union Joseph Stalin comes to power in 1924 Cruel leader If you went against him, he had you killed, or exiled out of the country Over 10 million Soviet citizens were killed under his rule Joseph Stalin “Man of Steel”

Fascism in Italy Italy was on winning side in WWI It’s government and economy were weakened by WWI People were striking (not working) & rioting They turned to Benito Mussolini for help and hope Italian Fascist Party In 1919, Mussolini started this political party Fascists are Party members who support a dictator Mussolini thought war was glorious He became Prime Minister of Italy in 1922 Benito Mussolini

Totalitarian Government Many people tried to speak out against Stalin and Mussolini, but were usually arrested, beaten, killed or imprisoned In a totalitarian government, people have NO right to think, speak, or write freely about their opinions Totalitarian governments have a network of spies who watch and report on the citizens

Nazism in Germany Germany suffered more than any other country in WW1 The National Socialist Party took control of the country A Nazi is a member of this party, led by Adolf Hitler In 1933, he becomes chancellor, or leader, of Germany Treaty of Versailles Hitler reminded people that the WWI treaty punished Germany more than any other country They had to pay the costs of the war – reparations – economy was already bad Adolf Hitler

Nazism in Germany Hitler convinced many people of some of his other ideas also He said Germans are better than others Germans should rule the world Germans were the “master race” He blamed other people for Germany’s problems Jewish people Communists Other “undesirable” people Adolf Hitler

Nazism in Germany Hitler was especially against Jewish people and began persecuting them Jewish children could no longer go to German schools Jewish doctors, lawyers, teachers could no longer work in German businesses Jewish people could not shop in some stores Jews were forced to wear yellow six-pointed stars that represented the Star of David to show they were Jews

The road to War Hitler believed Germany could be most powerful He needed more land to achieve that 1st he invaded the Rhineland Area between Germany & France France and Great Britain were mad, but took no action They followed “appeasement” policy Giving in to keep the peace 1938, Hitler took control of Austria Then demanded the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia 3 millions Germans lived there French & British leaders met with him in Munich, Germany Agreed he could have it, if he stopped invading

German Advances in WW2

War Breaks out again In 1939, German troops take control of all of Czechoslovakia Aug. 1939, Soviets agree with Germany to take over Poland and divide it up When they invade, Britain & France declare war on Germany In 1940, Germany invades Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and finally France Great Britain now must face Hitler’s forces alone

Animated map of WWII

Section 2: Japan rises to power In the 1920s, Japan had been peaceful, a democracy Military leaders took control in the early 1930s Japan began rising as a military power

Japan expands its empire Japan wanted to become the ruler of Asia Militarism – they begin building a stronger military Japan needs more natural resources (oil and coal) to keep its factories (industries) running Japan does not have many natural resources In 1931, it invades Manchuria, a province in China to get natural resources Renames if Manchukuo, and controls it from Japan A puppet government In 1937, Japan attacks China again US is worried, but doesn’t send any help

The seeds of war Japan’s attack on China leads to a full-scale war By 1938, Japan controls most of eastern China Japan’s military leaders planned to take control of all of eastern Asia and started invading other islands They wanted and needed the natural resources –mostly oil Japan becomes friendly with Germany & Italy, and signs an anti-communist agreement

Section 3: From Isolation to pearl harbor Many Americans do NOT want to get involved in another European war However, other Americans wondered whether the US had a duty to help other countries The Great Depression was going on, and many people felt the country should focus on solving its own problems, not Europe’s problems

Staying out of the war The US passed laws to keep it out of the war Isolationists were glad because they wanted to stay out of the war. One law was “cash and carry” It said that nations at war could buy goods for cash if they could “carry” them back to their country

Staying out of the war President Roosevelt understood why Americans were isolationist, but he felt the US should be a good neighbor & stand up to dictators He was spending most of his time trying to end the Great Depression

The end of isolation In 1940, Roosevelt was elected to a 3rd term Many Americans wanted him to be president if they went to war He promised he would keep them out of war First time ever for a president However, people could see Hitler wasn’t stopping and could come to the US one day Roosevelt starts the 1st peacetime draft In Great Britain, Winston Churchill was elected Prime Minister He asked the US for help – it needed more money for weapons

The end of isolation Roosevelt pushed Congress to pass the lend-lease plan It gave the President the power to lend or lease supplies to a country whose defense would affect the US It was dangerous to send the supplies German submarines would sink the ships (like in WWI) Americans felt the war getting closer and closer

Pearl harbor In Sept 1940 Japan, Italy & Germany become allies Meanwhile, Japan continued to invade other countries in Asia To protest what Japan was doing, Roosevelt stopped trade with Japan He banned oil shipments Japan could not keep its military running without oil The US and Japan tried to talk through their issues Neither side would give in

Pearl harbor While they were talking Japan was planning to attack the US navy base in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii – part of the US Japan’s plan was to take out most of the US Navy, so the US would not be able to recover and fight quickly On Dec. 7, 1941, just as the sun rose, and it was a beautiful day, Japanese pilots flew to Hawaii and began dropping bombs on Oahu Island They destroyed 19 US ships and killed over 2,400 Americans

Pearl harbor On Dec. 8, the next day, President Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan Congress did, and the US was once again joined the Allies and was in a world war