Chapter 9 Acids and Bases

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 9 Acids and Bases Ionization of Water The pH Scale

Ionization of Water . . . . . . . . H H H . . . . . . . . Occasionally, in water, a H+ is transferred between H2O molecules . . . . . . . . H:O: + :O:H H:O:H + + :O:H- . . . . . . . . H H H water molecules hydronium hydroxide ion (+) ion (-)

Pure Water is Neutral H2O + H2O H3O+ + OH- H3O+ OH- Pure water contains small, but equal amounts of ions: H3O+ and OH- H2O + H2O H3O+ + OH- hydronium hydroxide ion ion 1 x 10-7 M 1 x 10-7 M H3O+ OH-

Ion Product of Water Kw [ ] = Molar concentration Kw = [ H3O+ ] [ OH- ] = [ 1 x 10-7 ][ 1 x 10-7 ] = 1 x 10-14

Acids H3O+ OH- Increase H+ HCl (g) + H2O (l) H3O+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) More [H3O+] than water > 1 x 10-7M As H3O+ increases, OH- decreases [H3O+] > [OH-] H3O+ OH-

Bases OH- H3O+ Increase the hydroxide ions (OH-) H2O NaOH (s) Na+(aq) + OH- (aq) More [OH-] than water, [OH-] > 1 x 10-7M When OH- increases, H3O+ decreases [OH] > [H3O+] OH- H3O+

Using Kw The [OH- ] of a solution is 1.0 x 10- 3 M. What is the [H3O+]? Kw = [H3O+ ] [OH- ] = 1.0 x 10-14 [H3O+] = 1.0 x 10-14 [OH-] [H3O+] = 1.0 x 10-14 = 1.0 x 10-11 M 1.0 x 10- 3

Learning Check pH1 The [H3O+] of lemon juice is 1.0 x 10-3 M. What is the [OH-] of the solution? 1) 1.0 x 103 M 2) 1.0 x 10-11 M 3) 1.0 x 1011 M

Solution pH1 The [H3O+] of lemon juice is 1.0 x 10- 3 M. What is the [OH-]? [OH- ] = 1.0 x 10 -14 = 1.0 x 10-11 M 1.0 x 10 - 3

Using the Calculator 1.0 x 10 -14 4.0 x 10-5 Enter 1.0 EE +/- 14  4.0 EE +/- 5 = 2.5 x 10 -10