American History I Civil War

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Presentation transcript:

American History I Civil War 1861-1865 NCFE Review

Wartime Advantages and Disadvantages Southern States Northern States Advantages: Defensive war, they knew the territory they were fighting in Cash crop of cotton could potentially be used to convince foreign countries to join as allies Experienced military commanders Disadvantages: Smaller population than the North Not a lot of industry Advantages: Extensive railroad network Strong industry Strong navy Large population Abundant food supply Disadvantages: Not many experienced military leaders Divided population that did not fully support the war.

Border States Some slave states chose to remain loyal to the Union and became known as Border States. Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, and Delaware. These states created a buffer between the Southern slave states and the Northern union states. States held important agricultural and industrial resources.

Important Civil War Battles Battle of Fort Sumter Battle of Bull Run The first shots of the Civil War were fired on Fort Sumter in the bay of Charleston, SC. This event is what started the Civil War. At Manassas, VA the Union troops entered into the first official battle of the Civil War at Bull Run . The Union troops and the confederate troops struggled in battle for days with no one winning. The Battle of Bull Run ended the Union’s hopes for a short war.

Important Civil War Battles Battle of Antietam Battle of Gettysburg The Union victory in the Battle of Antietam persuaded England and France to remain neutral. It also enabled Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation freeing the slaves in states of rebellion, or the Southern states. Confederate General Lee wanted to take his chances by invading the Northern states at Gettysburg, VA. The Union was able to push the Confederates back in retreat. The Confederates would never invade the North again.

Important Civil War Battles Sherman’s March to the Sea Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse Union General Sherman marched toward Atlanta, a major Southern industrial and manufacturing center. Sherman laid total war, or the destruction of all civilian and military resources that could be used in battle, on the Southern states. He marched from Atlanta up the east coast leaving a trail of destruction. Union forces surrounded the Confederates at the town of Appomattox, VA. Grant presented the terms of surrender that Lee’s troops would turn over their weapons and leave. The Surrender at Appomattox Court House ended the Civil War.

Key Political Actions during the Civil War Congress chartered two corporations – the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific Railroad – to build the transcontinental railroad that would connect the east coast with the west coast. Lincoln suspended the writ of habeas corpus or the right to a trial before being thrown in jail during the war to protect the Union against confederate spies.