Opening Shots of the Civil War

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Presentation transcript:

Topic: Evaluating the Union during the Civil War: why did the North win?

Opening Shots of the Civil War Early 1861- Lincoln took no harsh action Union opinion agrees Confederates attack Fort Sumter (SC) Lincoln calls for the creation of a Union army “Border States” remain loyal Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, Delaware West Virginia created Lincoln: “Preserve the Union” only Confederacy wins several victories (Bull Run)

Debates in the North Republicans in control of Congress “Fully Nationalize” the country Homestead Act, Pacific Railway Act, Morill Land Act, Banking Act Northern Democrats split (Peace and War factions) Copperheads Lincoln suspends many Civil Liberties Censorship Suspends Habeas Corpus Lincoln increases army size w/out Congressional approval 1863: NY Draft Riots Lincoln manages to keep Britain Neutral (Seward), frustrates South 1864 election: Lincoln wins (due to a Union victory in Atlanta)

Lincoln’s changing attitudes on slavery Lincoln unsure of how to free slaves Does not want to anger the border states War changes Lincoln’s attitudes Emancipation Proclamation (January 1, 1863) Frees slaves in rebelling states only Destabilizes slavery in south  many run away from plantations Controversy in the north “moral cause” for victory

“Total War” Lincoln switches Generals several times McClellan too cautious Gettysburg as Turning Point (1863) General U.S. Grant  “meat grinder” North has more manpower Total War concept Target southern economy & infrastructure Naval blockade General Sherman’s “march to the sea” “Sherman’s Neckties” Burning of Atlanta Hampton Roads Meeting: all or nothing (Early 1865) April 1865: Lee surrenders at Appomattox Civil War is over!

Conclusion 1) What was the North’s greatest asset which allowed them to win the war? Defend your answer in 2-3 sentences.