Planetary Protection Management at JAXA PPOSS Planetary Protection Tutorial 101 Planetary Protection Management at JAXA Presented by Hajime YANO, JAXA/ISAS, Japan July 12-13, 2018 Caltech- Keith Spaulding Building, Pasadena, California, USA

Japan’s Past Solar System Missions Sorted by Destinations Moon Planets Small Bodies Hiten/Hagoromo (LUNAR-A) Kaguya Sakigake Nozomi Suisei Hayabusa IKAROS The First PP Activity by ISAS Avoidance maneuver to Mars OI Procyon * Technology verification missions in Italic. International collaboration in red. Astrobiology contributions in circle.

(More at the Tomorrow Talk) Case study – Hayabusa-1&2 Hyabusa-2 Objectives Mission Target Itokawa: S-type, sub-km NEO Ryugu: C-type, 1-km NEO Major Payload Instruments Sampling System Earth Return Capsule Multi-band Optical Camera LIDAR Near Infrared Spectrometer X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer Micro-Rover Target Markers Small Carry-on Impactor with DCAM 3 mm Near Infrared Spectrometer Thermal Imaging Camera Micro-Lander Mission Epoch 2003-2010 2014-2020 C-type asteroid sample return and improvement of the deep space round trip exploration technology Verify key technology needed for deep space round trip exploration

(More at the Tomorrow Talk) Requirements for case study mission 1 COSPAR PPP Categorization for Ryugu in 2012 “After careful consideration with respect to the COSPAR Planetary Protection Policy, Colloquium attendees considered the categorization of the Hayabusa-2 mission and agreed that it should be considered Category II, outbound, with particular attention needed to avoid impact with Mars under all mission scenarios. In addition, the attendees agreed that the mission’s asteroid target (1999 JU3) meets the COSPAR classification for a body from which a Category V mission with “unrestricted Earth-return” is warranted. This agreement concurs with the recommendation of the NASA Advisory Council’s Planetary Protection Subcommittee, which also considered the categorization at their May 2012 meeting in Washington, DC.” Signed by Dr. John Rummel, the Chair

Japan’s Current and Approved Missions Sorted by Destinations Moon Planets Small Bodies Hayabusa-2 Akatsuki Hisaki BepiColombo -MMO JUICE EQUULEUS OMOTENASHI SLIM DESTINY+ * Technology verification missions in Italic. International collaboration in red. Astrobiology contributions in circle

Japan’s Future Plans Sorted by Destinations Moon Planets Small Bodies And HERCULES, Icy Plume Sample Return, etc. MMX CEASER OKEANOS * Technology verification missions in Italic. International collaboration in red. Astrobiology contributions in circle

Enceladus Plume Sample Return On-Going and Potential JAXA Deep Space Missions Including Selection and Study Phases Projects Launch Date Targets Senior Partner Jr. Partner Current Status AKATSUKI 2010 May (=> 2015 Arrival) Venus JAXA N/A In operation IKAROS HAYABUSA-2 2014 December (=> 2018 Arrival) Ryugu NASA, DLR In Operation Procyon TBC BepiColombo 2018 October (=>2025 Arrival) Mercury ESA Soon to Launch SLIM 2021 Moon Approved JUICE 2022 (=>2030 Arrival) Ganymede et al. NASA, JAXA OKEANOS Mid 2020’s Jupiter Trojan DLR, etc.(TBD) Under Selection MMX 2024 (TBD) Martian Satellite(s) NASA, CNES In Preparation CEASER 2025(TBD) P/CG NASA Enceladus Plume Sample Return Late 2020’s(TBD) Enceladus NASA (TBD) JAXA (TBD) Concept  Many are International, Astrobiology-Driven, and thus PP Sensitive.

“All-JAXA” Planetary Protection Organization Established since 2017 COSPAR（Planetary Protection Division） Chair Planetary Protection Standard COSPAR review Science Community All-JAXA Safety Review Board Project Project Manager （PP Manager） PP Review Board Chair : Prof. A. Yamagishi Dep. of S&MA consistency Engineering Group Planetary Protection Standardization WG Chair: K. Fujita Science Group Providing standards PP Directly responsible Individual PP・members assigned by PP M supports members Int. space expl. team PP Research Group Chief: J. Haruyama (tentative) 8 Original Document Prepared by J. Haruyama (2017) Targets for initial phase: Moon, Mars, and the near space environments of these target bodies

“All-JAXA” Planetary Protection Organization Established since 2017 ① Department of Safety and Mission Assurance establishes and maintains “standards” for planetary protection; Organizing planetary protection standardizing Working Group and supporting its work. The Chair of the WG is K. Fujita (JAXA). ③Planetary Protection Review Board reviews PP of projects and/or relevant matters. The Chair of the board is A. Yamagishi (Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences). COSPAR（Planetary Protection Division） Chair Planetary Protection Standard COSPAR review Science Community All-JAXA Safety Review Board Project Project Manager （PP Manager） PP Review Board Chair : Prof. A. Yamagishi Dep. of S&MA ② International Space Exploration Team has responsibility for establishment of PP strategy and storage of information and technologies along it, with organizing “PP research group”. Chief of the group is J. Haruyama (tentative). consistency Engineering Group Planetary Protection Standardization WG Chair: K. Fujita Science Group Providing standards PP Directly responsible Individual PP・members assigned by PP M supports members Int. space expl. team PP Research Group Chief: J. Haruyama (tentative) 9 Targets for initial phase: Moon, Mars, and the near space environments of these target bodies