Eukaryotic cells Animal and plant cells Cellular Organelles Eukaryotic cells Animal and plant cells
The cell Most microscopic 3 main parts of the cell Differ in size and shape 3 main parts of the cell Plasma membrane Cytoplasm nucleus
Cell membrane Phospholipid bilayer Regulates materials in and out of the cell Contains proteins, carbs and cholesterol within the membrane
Nuclear membrane and nuclear pores Allow materials in and out of nucleus via the nuclear pores (small openings found within the membrane)
Nucleus Surrounded by nuclear envelope Contains DNA – heredity information
Nucleolus Site where ribosomes are synthesized Found within the nucleus
Ribosomes Involved in protein synthesis No membrane Made of proteins and RNA Individual or attached to Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
DNA Genetic material Double helix Provides instructions for proteins, regulate cellular activities, cellular reproduction
Cytoplasm Cell interior, internal living material Consists of organelles and fluid space from cell membrane and nucleus
cytoskeleton Provide support for the cell Aids in the movement of organelles 2 components Microfilaments microtubules
Endoplasmic Reticulum Intracellular highway Rough Covered with ribosomes Synthesis of proteins Smooth No ribosomes Synthesis of lipids, breakdown of toxins
Vesicle Small membrane sac that transports materials in cell
Golgi Apparatus (bodies) Processing, packaging and secretion Stack of flattened sacs Modifies proteins for export
Lysosomes Digestive, breaks down old organelles and substances Secretes enzymes, high pH Not in plants
Mitochondria Powerhouse of cell Supplies energy for the cell Contains own DNA Has a double membrane
Cell Wall Found only in plant cells Give support and protection Contains cellulose
Chloroplasts Light energy is converted to chemical energy ( photosynthesis) Contains green pigment – chlorophyll Found only in plant cells
Central Vacuole Large membrane bound space found in plant cell Stores water, nutrients and wastes When full, plant cells are rigid, making plant stand upright Animal cells do have small vacuoles
Flagella and Cilia Cilia Flagella Short, hairlike Numerous Locomotion Seen in respiratory system Flagella Long, whiplike Less numerous Used mostly for locomotion
Centrioles Aid in cell division of animal cell only Composed on microtubules