Protist Evolution BIOL 1407.

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Presentation transcript:

Protist Evolution BIOL 1407

Domain Eukarya is Sister Taxon to Domain Archaea

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

Evolution of Cytoskeleton Some bacteria have proteins similar to actin & tubulin Actin = MreB Tubulin = FtsZ More info: http://www.palaeos.com/Eukarya/Eukarya.Origins.3.html http://www.esrf.eu/UsersAndScience/Publications/Highlights/2001/life-sciences/LS10.html

Endomembrane System Endomembrane system of eukaryotes: ↑ Surface Area Nuclear envelope ER Golgi Vesicles & vacuoles ↑ Surface Area

Evolution of Endomembrane System Some bacteria: plasma membrane folded to inside

Evolution of Endomembrane System

Primary Endosymbiosis Formed when host cell engulfs another prokaryote Mutualistic relationship develops Become a single cell

Evidences for Primary Endosymbiosis Size Enzymes and transport systems Binary fission Circular chromosome Genome still active Ribosomes DNA sequences

Evolution of Mitochondria Molecular evidence Alpha proteobacteria is sister taxon to mitochondria

Primary Endosymbiosis

Evolution of Chloroplasts Molecular evidence Cyanobacteria is sister taxon to chloroplasts

Secondary Endosymbiosis Eukaryotic cell engulfed by another eukaryote Evolves into an organelle

Adaptive Radiation of Eukaryotes

Fossil Evidence Earliest body fossils: 2.1 bya Fossil cysts (acritarchs) of dinoflagellate ancestors Molecular fossils: 2.7 bya Sterols (Acritarch)

The End Unless otherwise specified, all images in this presentation came from: Campbell, et al. 2008. Biology, 8th ed. Pearson Benjamin Cummings.

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