Evolution and Phylogeny

Two hypotheses about the origin of H. sapiens Multiregional hypothesis “Out of Africa” hypothesis

Relationships of different populations using mtDNA ~150,000ya 7 Daughters of Eve, fig. 1

Newer Data: Estimated time of divergence for several DNA regions Fig 3

Newer Data: Estimated time of divergence for several DNA regions Fig 3

Time before present of common ancestor using several DNA regions Fig 7

Two hypotheses about the origin of H. sapiens Multiregional hypothesis: disproved by mtDNA data “Out of Africa” hypothesis: disproved by other DNA data

Proposed model of human evolution/ migration (based on mt and nuclear DNA) Additional migrations Expansion from Asia to Africa Out of Africa of Homo sapiens Out of Africa Fig 9 Out of Africa of Homo erectus

Molecular similarities show relationships that are not obvious by morphology CB 25.2

CB 25.5 and 40.3 Convergent Evolution

Species phylogeny hierarchy Genus Family Order Class Phylum Kingdom CB 25.8 Phylum Kingdom Domain

Phylogeny and its connection to evolution CB 25.9 Phylogeny and its connection to evolution

Phylogenies as multiple hypotheses CB 25.14 Phylogenies as multiple hypotheses

Evolutionary basis of Domains CB 25.18 Evolutionary basis of Domains

Life as we know it… CB 26.22

Next… Plant Physiology