Answer the question shown up here L.O: SWBAT explain what breezes, planetary winds, ocean currents & monsoons are. Answer the question shown up here

sea breezes & land breezes. BREEZES: are Small movements of air. There are two types: sea breezes & land breezes.

Local Winds Facts Local winds near bodies of water change throughout the day. During the day the land heats up faster than the water (due to water’s higher specific heat). This causes the warm less dense air to rise. Over the water the air is cooler and more dense, so it sinks.

Land and Sea Breezes Important Facts! Things to remember: Land heats up faster than water during the day. Land cools down faster than water at night. Cool air has a higher pressure, and warm air has a lower pressure. Wind blows from high to low pressure.

Sea Breezes sea breeze: cool air from the sea that blows towards the land. During the day: The land warms quicker than the sea (water heats up slower and cools slower) The air above the land becomes warmer establishing Low pressure Recall: Warmer air has a lower pressure. Water during the day remains cooler which also cools the air above and High pressure develops over the ocean. Sea breeze Man, this breeze feels good!

Sea Breeze Circulation Convection Cell L H Sea Breeze Warm Cool

Land Breezes At night the process is reversed creating a land breeze. During the night: the land cools down quicker than the sea. What kind of pressure develops? Higher Pressure The air above the sea becomes warmer. What kind of pressure develops? Lower Pressure

Land Breeze Circulation Convection Cell H L Land Breeze Cool Warm

Since the Earth is rotating, the air does not flow directly from high to low pressure, but it is deflected, so that the wind flows around the high and low pressure areas.

This deflection caused by Earth’s rotation is known as the Coriolis Effect.

GLOBAL WINDS Planetary circulation : caused by pressure differences due to unequal heating of the entire earth. Global winds blow from high pressure belts to low pressure belts and curve due to the Coriolis Effect. (Right in the Northern Hemisphere and Left in the Southern Hemisphere)

Turn to page 14: This is the Earth’s Planetary winds patterns

Breaking down page 14! (for current purposes) The corolios effect is evident in this chart Right in the Northern Hemisphere and Left in the Southern Hemisphere Convection Cells: Distributes energy from North pole to south. Cause winds to rise& Sink. Winds are named for WHERE THEY COME FROM. For example, The north pole winds are coming from the North East

Coriolis Effect on Planetary Winds: What direction are the planetary winds moving at our latitude? This is why our weather travels North East

What do notice about the hurricane paths? Hurricanes tend to go towards the North East, because of the prevailing winds.

It also shows jet streams where we have easterly moving air at the top of the troposphere. These streams move weather! Want to be a pilot? Commercial airplanes are affected by these 200 mph winds. They use these streams to save fuel!

What is a Monsoon? Monsoons are large seasonal winds. There are summer monsoons and winter monsoons A Monsoon is a seasonal reversal of wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation. It is caused by uneven heating of land and sea (due to water’s high specific heat). The winds may blow for months at a time. The most well-known are the Asian monsoons which blow across India.

Examine the diagram showing the winds associated with the Monsoons. Explain why the summer season is characterized by heavy monsoon rains.  Since water has a high specific heat, during summer it is cooler than the surrounding land. A higher pressure develops over the water and a lower pressure exists over the land. The difference in pressure causes sea breezes to blow from the ocean to the land, bringing moist air inland.

Examine the diagram showing the winds associated with the Monsoons. Explain why the winter season is characterized by drought. Water has a high specific heat, during winter it is warmer than the surrounding land. A lower pressure develops over the water and a higher pressure exists over the land. The difference in pressure causes land breezes to blow from the land to the ocean, causing drought conditions.  

Summer Monsoons: bring warm very wet weather from the Indian ocean. Simplified winter Monsoons: bring cold, dry weather down from the Himalayas mountains.

OCEAN CURRENTS:

Open the reference table to page 4. Earth’s Surface Ocean Currents What do you notice about the ocean currents’ pattern? They curve!

The “curving” planetary winds cause the surface ocean current to “CURVE” patterns.

ocean currents are like “streams” of water that flow through Earth’s oceans.

What do you think warm ocean currents do to cold parts of the Earth? Warm ocean currents warm up the cold parts of Earth by taking warm water & warm air from the Equator to them.

What do you think cool ocean currents do to warm parts of the Earth? Cool ocean currents bring cool water & cool air from the poles to the hot places.

Example: the Gulf Stream warms the East Coast of North America & Northern Europe by taking warm water from the Gulf of Mexico north.

Example: the California Current cool the west Coast of North America by taking cold water down from the Arctic Ocean.