Overview of Photosynthesis Chapter 4

AUTOTROPHS Review from Ecology Ex: _____________ can make their own food using energy from sunlight. Ex: ______________________________________ Green plants and certain types of bacteria

__________________ get energy by consuming other organisms. Review from Ecology __________________ get energy by consuming other organisms. HETEROTROPHS Ex: ________________ Animals, fungi, and most types of bacteria

Heterotrophs Heterotrophs can NOT directly use the sun’s energy

Candles release energy as heat and light. Energy takes many forms such as ___________________________________________________ Energy can be changed from one form to another Energy can be stored in chemical bonds & then released later light, heat, electrical, chemical, and mechanical Candles release energy as heat and light.

Review from Cellular Transport WHAT DO CELLS USE ENERGY FOR ? ACTIVE TRANSPORT Na+-K+ PUMP Endocytosis Exocytosis

WHAT are other things CELLS USE ENERGY FOR ? Movement Synthesis of biomolecules Reproduction

store and transport ENERGY ATP ONE SPECIAL KIND of NUCLEOTIDE is used by cells to _____________________________ store and transport ENERGY ATP

ATP – Cellular Energy _______________________________ Contains ____, high-energy phosphate bonds Contains adenine and ribose (sugar) “Wallet filled full of money” Adenosine Triphosphate 3

Adenosine Diphosphate ATP can change into ADP ______________________ Contains ____ phosphate bonds Your wallet with less money  Adenosine Diphosphate What makes it different? One phosphate bond has been removed 2

ATP releases energy stored in a high energy ATP FORMATION ATP releases energy stored in a high energy chemical bond by removing the ___________ and becoming ADP phosphate ATP → ____ + ____ + ADP

The energy to do this comes from ____________ like _____________ ENERGY STORAGE Cells ________ energy by adding the phosphate back on to ADP to make ATP. STORE The energy to do this comes from ____________ like _____________ FOODS GLUCOSE It’s like recharging the battery ! ATP ADP + ___ + ________ → ___

Importance of ATP Principal compound used to store energy in living organisms ATP is constantly being used and remade by cells ATP provides all of the energy for cell activities The high energy phosphate bonds can be BROKEN to release energy

ATP Formation Video

ATP is useful BUT . . . NOT ATP is great for TRANSFERRING ENERGY, but _____ good for storing ________ amounts of energy for the ______________. A single molecule of GLUCOSE stores more than _________the chemical energy. Cells only keep enough ATP around to last a few seconds and recharge it by burning___________. LARGE LONG TERM 90 times glucose

Review: Glucose - Sugar Sugars ____________ are examples of carbohydrates Examples of sugars: One sugars – ___________________ Two sugars - ___________________ Multiple sugars - ___________________ What are the primary functions of carbohydrates? Supplies organisms with _________________! Cells burn glucose to get energy! monosaccharides disaccharides polysaccharides energy

Review: Types of Reactions Endergonic An ________________________is one in which energy is ________________ during the course of the reaction Using heat to power a reaction An ________________________is one in which energy is __________________ during the course of the reaction Converting sunlight to energy Absorbed Exergonic Released

carbon dioxide + water + light → sugar + oxygen Photosynthesis Photosynthesis – Is a process that captures energy from ____________________ to make ____________________ that store chemical energy. Uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and CO2 into O2 and high energy sugars Photosynthesis Equation - sunlight sugars 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 carbon dioxide + water + light → sugar + oxygen

Photosynthesis - Continued Plants then use the sugars to produce complex carbohydrates such as starches Plants get carbon dioxide from the air or water in which they grow

Light and Pigments Photosynthesis requires light and ______________, a molecule found in chloroplasts Plants gather the sun’s energy with light-absorbing molecules called _________________. The plant’s principal pigment is chlorophyll Chlorophyll is the __________ pigment used by a plant to absorb light and thus absorb energy from the light chlorophyll pigments green

Inside the Chloroplast Photosynthesis takes place inside __________________ Remember the “penny” analogy: __________ – saclike membrane This is the penny ___________ – are stacks of thylakoids Stack of pennies is the grana The ________________ is the region of the chloroplast that lies outside the thylakoid membranes chloroplasts thylakoids grana stroma

Stages of Photosynthesis Two main stages of photosynthesis: __________________________ Take place within the grana/____________ membranes inside a chloroplast ______________________________ Take place in the _____________ of the chloroplast Photosynthesis Song Light Dependent Reaction thylakoid Light Independent Reaction (Calvin Cycle) stroma

Ticket Out the Door Use your photosynthesis equation to draw AND label the following diagram: Word Bank: Carbon Dioxide Glucose Oxygen Water