What are the functions of the major cell structures? Focus Question What are the functions of the major cell structures?

Review: Cell Theory All organisms consist of 1 or more cells. Cell is the smallest unit of life. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Types of Cells Cells Eukaryotic Cells (have a nucleus) Prokaryotic Cells (lack a nucleus) Animal Cells Plant Cells Bacteria

Eukaryotes are bigger and more complicated than prokaryotes Have organelles Have chromosomes can be multicellular include animal and plant cells

Organelles are membrane-bound cell parts Mini “organs” that have unique structures and functions Located in cytoplasm 5

Structure: Cell membrane Function: School Analogy – Walls Surrounding Rooms Structure: Cell membrane Function: lipid and protein barrier around cytoplasm Thin, flexible 6

Structure: Nucleus Function Store the cell’s chromosomes (DNA) Control center School Analogy – Main Office Nuclear pores 7

Structure: Nucleolus inside nucleus Function: School Analogy – Secretary Next To Principal Structure: Nucleolus inside nucleus Function: make ribosomes for the cell 8

Structure: Mitochondrion (In the cytoplasm, double membrane) Function: makes the cell’s energy the more energy the cell needs, the more mitochondria it has F: convert the chemical energy stored in food into ATP (energy) School Analogy – Electrical Room 9

Structure: Ribosomes (made of RNA, free-floating or attached to ER) Function: build proteins from amino acids in cytoplasm Ribosomes School Analogy – Kitchen in Cafeteria 10

Endoplasmic reticulum Structure: Endoplasmic reticulum Function: Where lipids for cell membrane made Site of protein production School Analogy – Cafeteria 11

Structure: Golgi Apparatus Function: modifies, sorts, and packages proteins School Analogy – Mailroom 12

Structure: Lysosomes Function: (Small filled with enzymes) Function: Digest worn-out organelles and extra cell parts (C,L,P) Plays a role in cell death School Analogy – Garbage Dump Area 13

Structure: Centrioles (pair of bundled tubes) Function: organize cell division School Analogy – Curtain Separating Gyms 14

Structure: Cytoskeleton (made of microtubules, found throughout cytoplasm) Function: gives shape to cell & moves organelles around inside. School Analogy- Pillars 15

How are plant and animal cells different? 16

Structures found in plant cells Cell wall (very strong, made of cellulose) Function: protects cell from rupturing “glued” to other cells next door School Analogy- Brick outside of school 17

Structure: Vacuole Function: keeps cell pressurized School Analogy – Major storage rooms Structure: Vacuole (huge water-filled sac) Function: keeps cell pressurized store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates. 18

Structure: Chloroplasts Function: Carry out photosynthesis School Analogy - Windows Structure: Chloroplasts (filled with chlorophyll) Function: Carry out photosynthesis 19

Structure Animal cells Plant cells cell membrane Yes yes nucleus nucleolus ribosomes ER Golgi centrioles no cell wall mitochondria cholorplasts One big vacuole cytoskeleton 20