Cellular Structure Biology Mr. Foster

Write what is underlined

Components of Cells Nucleus- 2. Outer Boundary- 3. Cytoplasm / Organelles- cellular contents and specialized structures that carry out functions of the cell

Nucleus Prokaryote- cell w/o nucleus Eukaryote- cell with nucleus (DNA in neucleoid) Eukaryote- cell with nucleus Functions Contains genetic inform. Control Center- directs all cellular activity

Nucleus (cont.) Structure / Components- Nuclear envelope- regulate what enters and leaves nucleus (Nuclear pores) Nucleolus- makes ribosomes Genetic Material- DNA Chromatin – DNA uncoiled, threadlike, Not Divisional Chromosomes –DNA is condensed, Divisional Clicker ?’s 1-4

Outer Boundary Cell membrane- selective boundary All cells have a cell membrane Cell wall – give plant and bacteria cells structure

Cell Membrane (cont.) Structure- Fluid Mosaic Model Clicker ?’s 5 & 6 Phospholipids Phospholipid bilayer forms membrane Phosphate- likes H2O (hydrophilic) Lipid- does not like H2O (hydrophobic) Clicker ?’s 5 & 6

Cell Membrane (cont.) Structure provided to membrane by… 4. Cytoskeleton – supports the membrane a. microfilaments - strength, anchor cells b. microtubules – movement

Cytoskeleton Clicker ?’s 7-9

Cytoplasm Cytoplasm – space between nucleus and cell membrane Cytosol – semitransparent; jellylike substance that surrounds organelles

Organelles- “little organ” Endoplasmic Reticulum- Transports materials through inside of cell Modifies proteins and quality control center Types of ER Rough ER Has ribosome attached Proteins to be sent outside cell Smooth ER No ribosomes Make lipids, detox cell Smooth or Rough?

Organelles (cont.) Ribosome- Synthesize proteins Free vs. attached

Organelles (cont.) Mitochondria Provides energy for the cell ATP Cellular respiration Own DNA Endosymbiont Theory Free living organism that entered a relationship w/ Nucleated cells Inherited from mother only Folds increase surface area

Organelles (cont.) Lysosomes Membrane bounded sacs that contain enzymes Clean up cell Lysosomal Storage disease (Tay Sachs)- missing the enzyme that breaks down the lipid that surrounds the nerve cell Buries the nervous system

Organelles (cont.) Centrioles Function in cell division Organize spindle fibers

Organelles (cont.) Clicker ? 10-16 What is this? Golgi Apparatus - (Golgi bodies) modifies, sorts, and ships proteins in packages called vesicles.

Plant Cells Contain Some Structures That Animal Cells Lack Plant cells have three additional structures that are not found in animal cells. A cell wall Several chloroplasts Central vacuole These three structures are shown in the plant cell to the right.

Cell Transport Passive – energy not required to move material across membrane Diffusion – molecules move from high to low concentration to reach equilibrium

Cell Transport Passive Transport (cont)- Osmosis – type of diffusion involving H2O molecules only

Cell Transport (cont.) Active – Energy required to move materials across membrane Low to High concentration Ion pumps/Channels- Cl-, Na+, K+, Ca+ Endocytosis / Exocytosis – membrane forms pockets to move material

Endocytosis / Exocytosis Clicker ?’s 17-20