Section 16.2 Energy Transfer

Conduction Transfer of thermal energy with no overall transfer of matter. Conduction occurs when objects are touching Conduction in gases is slower than in liquids and solids because the particles in a gas collide less often.

Thermal Conductors Materials that conducts or transfers thermal energy well. Examples: Copper Aluminum Gold Iron Silver Lead

Thermal Insulator Materials that conducts or transfers thermal energy poorly. Examples: Glass Rubber Fiberglass Air Wood Ceramic

Convection Transfer of thermal energy when particles of a fluid move from one place to another. Air circulating in an oven and boiling water in a pan are examples of convection current

Radiation Transfer of thermal energy by waves moving thru space. Examples The Sun Light Bulbs Heat Lamps Toaster

Conduction, Convection, Radiation

Thermodynamics Thermodynamics Conversions between heat and other forms of energy 1st Law of Thermodynamics Energy is Conserved 2nd Law of Thermodynamics Thermal Energy can flow from colder objects to hotter objects only if work is done on the system 3rd Law of Thermodynamics Absolute Zero cannot be reached.

Thermodynamics Absolute Zero -273.15 ºC -459.67 ºF Lowest record temperature is just 3 billionths away. 0.000000003