Dept of Technology Management 11/14/2018 THE WAISSI ENGINE “simplest combustion engine” Presentation at Xxxxxxxxxxx May 29, 2013 Gary R. Waissi, Ph.D. Robert Waissi, M.A. Industrial Design 11/14/2018 WAISSI ENGINE LLC © copyrighted presentation and materials; all rights reserved

contact information WAISSI ENGINE LLC 4336 W Hackamore Drive Phoenix, Arizona 85083 U.S.A. Email: waissi.engine@gmail.com www.facebook.com/waissiengine 11/14/2018 WAISSI ENGINE LLC © copyrighted presentation and materials; all rights reserved

THE WAISSI ENGINE References: U.S. Pat. No. 8,109,244 B1, Waissi, G., Crankdisk Bearing Alternatives for the Waissi Type Opposed Piston Internal Combustion Engine (2/7/2012). U.S. Pat. No. 5,402,755, Waissi, G., Internal Combustion (IC) Engine (4/4/1995). Internal Combustion Engine with Minimum Number of Moving Parts, Futuristic Concepts in Engines and Components, SAE SP-1108, Paper # 950090, 1995. Crankdisk Bearing Support for the Waissi Internal Combustion Engine, Waissi, G., and Waissi, R., (pending). Alternative Crankdisk Bearing Support for the Waissi Internal Combustion Engine, Waissi, G., and Waissi, R., (pending). Bearing Ring and Piston of the Waissi Internal Combustion Engine, Waissi, G., and Waissi, R., (patent application to be filed). 11/14/2018 WAISSI ENGINE LLC © copyrighted presentation and materials; all rights reserved

THE WAISSI ENGINE Background The Engine Advantages TOPICS Background The Engine Advantages Piston speed, acceleration, piston force simulation Simple Engine Animation Engine- and engine part solid models References 11/14/2018 11/14/2018 4 WAISSI ENGINE LLC © copyrighted presentation and materials; all rights reserved

THE WAISSI ENGINE Background Major Boxer Engine Manufacturers (horizontally opposed cylinders) Volkswagen (type I, type II, type III, type IV engines) Porsche (912, 914, 911, Boxter) BMW (motorcycles, e.g. R1200; R90S; R65, R50, R5; many models…) Honda (motorcycles, e.g. Valkyrie/GL1500, Goldwing) Subaru (EJ series (EJ15,16,18,20); EA series (EA53, EA 61,62, 63, 64, 65, 71, 72 , etc; many models)) Aircraft Engines Continental Motors (used e.g. in various Cessna light aircraft) Lycoming (over 580 certified models from 4-cyl to 8-cyl horizontally opposed) Rotax (subsidiary of Bombardier Recreational Vehicles; including UAV’s; helicopters; karts, etc.) Goebler-Hirth (including UAVs (Northrop-Grumman), helicopters, etc.) Franklin (two models; 235; 350) 11/14/2018 WAISSI ENGINE LLC © copyrighted presentation and materials; all rights reserved

THE WAISSI ENGINE Engine Cross Section - sketch 11/14/2018 WAISSI ENGINE LLC © copyrighted presentation and materials; all rights reserved

THE WAISSI ENGINE Conventional Engine WAISSI Engine Advantages: Dynamic Engine Balancing – No secondary piston forces Source: Waissi, G., SAE SP-1108, Paper # 950090, 1995 Conventional Engine WAISSI Engine 11/14/2018 WAISSI ENGINE LLC © copyrighted presentation and materials; all rights reserved

THE WAISSI ENGINE Conventional Engine WAISSI Engine Advantages: Friction – Piston force against cylinder wall Source: Waissi, G., SAE SP-1108, Paper # 950090, 1995 Conventional Engine WAISSI Engine 11/14/2018 WAISSI ENGINE LLC © copyrighted presentation and materials; all rights reserved

THE WAISSI ENGINE Conventional Engine WAISSI Engine Advantages: Friction – piston rod big end bearing pressure vs. WAISSI engine bearing ring Source: Waissi, G., SAE SP-1108, Paper # 950090, 1995 Conventional Engine WAISSI Engine This means an approximately 60% reduction when comparing the connecting rod big end pressure of a conventional engine to the bearing ring pressure of the Waissi engine. (Corrected GW, 10/06/1998) 11/14/2018 WAISSI ENGINE LLC © copyrighted presentation and materials; all rights reserved

THE WAISSI ENGINE Engine Crankdisk Rotation – sketch and example For example: Changing the stroke requires only changing the disk. Changing the off-centered distance (drive shaft center to disk center) from 30 mm to 20 mm changes the stroke from 60 mm to 40 mm 11/14/2018 WAISSI ENGINE LLC © copyrighted presentation and materials; all rights reserved

THE WAISSI ENGINE Engine inertia – connecting rod length, stroke and piston speed Example: HYPOTHETICAL --- to demonstrate the impact of connecting rod length and stroke relationship to piston speed curve 11/14/2018 WAISSI ENGINE LLC © copyrighted presentation and materials; all rights reserved

THE WAISSI ENGINE Engine inertia – connecting rod length, stroke and piston acceleration Example: HYPOTHETICAL --- to demonstrate the impact of connecting rod length and stroke to piston acceleration curve 11/14/2018 WAISSI ENGINE LLC © copyrighted presentation and materials; all rights reserved

THE WAISSI ENGINE Engine inertia – Mitsubishi EVO III and Waissi Engine: piston speed comparison Example: Mitsubishi EVO III impact of connecting rod length and stroke to piston speed curve 11/14/2018 WAISSI ENGINE LLC © copyrighted presentation and materials; all rights reserved

THE WAISSI ENGINE Engine inertia – Mitsubishi EVO III and Waissi Engine: piston acceleration comparison Example: Mitsubishi EVO III impact of connecting rod length and stroke to piston acceleration curve 11/14/2018 WAISSI ENGINE LLC © copyrighted presentation and materials; all rights reserved

THE WAISSI ENGINE Engine inertia – Mitsubishi EVO III and Waissi Engine: piston force comparison Note 1: A conservative estimate using same measurements. For an actual engine the reciprocating mass of the Waissi Engine will be larger than that of a comparable conventional engine and the piston maximum force difference will be larger as found in simulations. Note 2: A similar force relationship is true for all reciprocating combustion engines using connecting rods, and therefore also for work/energy output related relationships. 11/14/2018 WAISSI ENGINE LLC © copyrighted presentation and materials; all rights reserved

THE WAISSI ENGINE Engine inertia – Mitsubishi EVO III and Waissi Engine: expected piston force Note 1: Expected piston force comparison (inertia only), and assuming that combustion related (heat expansion) forces are the same respectively. Note 2: The Waissi Engine piston force curve represents the ideal (or optimum) force curve, which no piston engine with connecting rods can achieve. Note3: In order for a conventional engine to reach the ideal piston force curve the piston rod should be infinitely long. Therefore, the larger the piston rod/stroke ratio the better (closer to optimum) the piston force curve. (See next comparison to the F1- engine). 11/14/2018 WAISSI ENGINE LLC © copyrighted presentation and materials; all rights reserved

THE WAISSI ENGINE Comparison of piston speed curves between the Waissi Engine and the F1- engine. In order to reach the ideal piston force curve the piston rod should be infinitely long. Therefore, the larger the piston rod/stroke ratio the better (closer to optimum) the piston force curve. 11/14/2018 WAISSI ENGINE LLC © copyrighted presentation and materials; all rights reserved

THE WAISSI ENGINE Comparison of piston acceleration curves between the Waissi Engine and the F1- engine. For both engines the piston acceleration curve (at BDC) approaches a single point respectively. The F-1 engine piston acceleration curve approaches, when compared to a conventional engine, the Waissi Engine piston acceleration curve. 11/14/2018 WAISSI ENGINE LLC © copyrighted presentation and materials; all rights reserved

THE WAISSI ENGINE Comparison of piston force curves between the Waissi Engine and the F1- engine. For both engines the piston force curve (at BDC) approaches a single point respectively. The F-1 engine piston force curve approaches, when compared to a conventional engine, the Waissi Engine piston force curve. Note: at maximum (global optimum) Waissi Engine piston force is 24 % higher than that of a comparable F-1 engine. (even if we assume that the reciprocating mass is the same). 11/14/2018 WAISSI ENGINE LLC © copyrighted presentation and materials; all rights reserved

THE WAISSI ENGINE The Engine Concept Animation 11/14/2018 WAISSI ENGINE LLC © copyrighted presentation and materials; all rights reserved

THE WAISSI ENGINE 11/14/2018 WAISSI ENGINE LLC © copyrighted presentation and materials; all rights reserved

THE WAISSI ENGINE References: U.S. Pat. No. 8,109,244 B1, Waissi, G., Crankdisk Bearing Alternatives for the Waissi Type Opposed Piston Internal Combustion Engine (2/7/2012). U.S. Pat. No. 5,402,755, Waissi, G., Internal Combustion (IC) Engine (4/4/1995). Internal Combustion Engine with Minimum Number of Moving Parts, Futuristic Concepts in Engines and Components, SAE SP-1108, Paper # 950090, 1995. Crankdisk Bearing Support for the Waissi Internal Combustion Engine, Waissi, G., and Waissi, R., (pending). Alternative Crankdisk Bearing Support for the Waissi Internal Combustion Engine, Waissi, G., and Waissi, R., (pending). Bearing Ring and Piston of the Waissi Internal Combustion Engine, Waissi, G., and Waissi, R., (patent application to be filed). 11/14/2018 WAISSI ENGINE LLC © copyrighted presentation and materials; all rights reserved