Body Systems

**VIDEO video Digestive System

Digestive system What does it do? Breaks down food and drink into smaller pieces so the body can use them to build and nourish cells and to provide energy. Common problems/injuries? Heartburn (acid reflux), ulcers, gallstones, IBS, constipation, Crohn’s disease

Digestive System Mouth Digestion begins here Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine Rectum

**VIDEO video Nervous System

Nervous system What does it do? Sensory neurons take information from the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin to the brain. Motor neurons carry messages away from the brain and back to the rest of the body. Common problems/injuries? Brain tumors, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, concussions, meningitis, mental illnesses, migraines

Central Nervous System The Nervous System Is divided into 2 sections Central Nervous System Cerebrum – 85% of the brain, controls thinking, long- and short- term memory. Cerebellum – located at the back of the brain, controls balance. Spinal Cord – connects neurons to the brain video

Peripheral Nervous System Made up of huge network of interconnecting neurons across the body. Cranial Nerve – effects motion and feeling in the face. It does not pass through the spinal cord.

**VIDEO ON GIRL Endocrine System

ENDOCRINE system ENDOCRINE = HORMONES What does it do? It helps regulate and maintain various body functions, especially metabolic activity. Common problems/injuries? Diabetes, thyroid disorders ENDOCRINE = HORMONES

Endocrine System Pituitary Gland “Master Gland”; controls all endocrine glands Hypothalamus Controls metabolism and homeostasis Thyroid Gland Regulates metabolism Parathyroid Gland Controls calcium in blood and bones Adrenal Gland Controls metabolism and stress responses Pinal Gland Regulates wake/sleep cycle Reproductive Glands Controls sex hormones Pancreas Aids in food digestion and controls blood sugar levels

**VIDEO video Respiratory System

Respiratory system What does it do? Supplies the blood with oxygen. We inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. This gas exchange is how we get the oxygen to the blood. Common problems/injuries? Asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, pneumonia

Respiratory System Nasal cavity is lined with… Cilia ~ which filter the air Mucous Membrane ~ which moistens the air Blood Capillaries ~ which warm the air

Respiratory System A – Lungs B – Alveoli C – Nasal Cavity D – Mouth E – Trachea F – Diaphragm G – Epiglottis H – Bronchia I – Pharynx I G H

**VIDEO video Circulatory System

Circulatory system What does it do? It circulates blood through the body. This is our “blood pressure”, which is the contraction and relaxation of our heart muscle. Systole = Contraction Diastole = Relaxation Normal Blood pressure is 120 / 80 Common problems/injuries? Atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, angina, aneurysm, arrhythmia

Circulatory System atrium ventricle atrium ventricle blue lungs oxygen The heart is divided into 4 chambers, right ________________ and ____________________ and the left ______________________ and _________________________. Oxygen-poor blood, ____________ blood, circulates to the right side of the heart, it is sent to the _______________ to get __________________. The _______ blood is then sent back to the left side of the heart to be circulated back through the _______________. atrium ventricle atrium ventricle blue lungs oxygen red body

From the left ventricle through the aorta to all parts of the body From the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery to the lungs From the body into the right atrium From the lungs into the left atrium From the left atrium into the left ventricle From the right atrium into the right ventricle

**VIDEO Lymphatic System

LYMPHATIC = IMMUNE SYSTEM Lymphatic system What does it do? It transports fluids throughout the body, and a vital part of the immune system. The vessels carry proteins to the lymph nodes, which are filled with white blood cells that kill bacteria and other pathogens, before sending the protein back into the body. Common problems/injuries? Lymphedema (non-cancerous), lymphoma (cancer) LYMPHATIC = IMMUNE SYSTEM

all throughout our body, what is the largest one? We have lymph nodes all throughout our body, what is the largest one? LIVER

**VIDEO video SKELETAL system

Skeletal System What does it do? Provides shape to the body Gives muscles a place to attach Protects certain organs Common problems/injuries? Sprains, strains, fractures, dislocations

206 Do you know how many bones we have in our body? Babies are born with 270 soft bones - about 64 more than an adult; and many of these will fuse together by the age of twenty or twenty-five into the 206 hard, permanent bones.

How many bones can you label?

Terms associated with the skeletal system: Joint – point at which 2 bones come together Dislocation – when one bone pulls out of a joint Ligaments – attach bone to bone at a joint Sprain – a pull or tear in a ligament Tendons – Attach muscle to bone at a joint Strain – a pull or tear in a tendon or muscle Cartilage – cushion between the bones at a joint

**VIDEO muscular system

muscular system What does it do? Movement Creates heat Provides protection for the joints Common problems/injuries? Strains, pulled muscles, cramps

How do muscles work together to cause movement? The muscles work in pairs to keep your body moving. When one muscle contracts (shortens), the other one relaxes (lengthens). Ex… The biceps and triceps muscles work as a pair to bend and straighten the arm (flexion and extension).

How many muscles can you label? Deltoids Trapezius Pectorals Triceps Bicep Latissimus Dorsi Abs Gluteus Maximus Quadriceps Hamstrings Gastrocnemius How many muscles can you label?

What would be an example of this? Many of the body systems depend on other body systems in order to function properly. What would be an example of this?