Big Business and Labor Love hate relationship The Industrial Revolution produced two groups: Big Business and Organized Labor They were in conflict with each other

Vocabulary Entrepreneur Corporation Monopoly Trust Free Enterprise Immigrant Urbanization Social Darwinism Assimilation

Causes for the Growth in Industry Things that impacted the growth of industry Vast natural resources Government tax breaks for industry High tariffs (taxes) on imports In the 1850s, The Bessemer process, a method to make stronger steel at a low cost replaced iron as the basic building material of cities and industry

Growth of Business The Corporation: Many businesses became corporations, or businesses owned by many investors. Corporations raise large amounts of capital (money) by selling stock, or shares. Stockholders receive a share of the profits and pick directors to run the company.

Banking and Government Banks lent huge amounts of capital (money) to corporations. These loans caused industries grow faster. They also made huge profits for the bankers. The government took a hands off approach to business. Entrepreneurs formed giant corporations and monopolies. A monopoly is a company that controls most or all business in a particular industry.

Giants of Big Business were they good or not? Andrew Carnegie John D. Rockefeller Some saw Carnegie and Rockefeller as “robber barons” who unfairly eliminated Competition with other businesses. Others saw big business leaders as “captains of industry” who built up the economy and created jobs.

Social Darwinism Social Darwinism supported monopolies and trusts. Darwin said, in nature, animal and plant life survived if they adapted to change better than others. Social Darwinism applied this idea of “survival of the fittest” to big business and race. Businesses that drove out their competitors, they said, were “fittest” and deserved to survive. Social Darwinism was also used to justify harsh working conditions.

Results from the Growth of Industry Conditions, in factories, cities, housing in the cities.

Problems with Rapid Urbanization Threat of fire Great Chicago Fire, Triangle Shirtwaist Fire. Tenements, inner city apartments, slums. Crowded into tenements Tiny apartments. no windows, heat, or indoor plumbing. 10 people might live in a single room. Several families shared a single bathroom.

Chicago & Triangle Factory Fire, Tenements

Urbanization: Urbanization is the rapid growth of city populations Urbanization: Urbanization is the rapid growth of city populations. The rate of urbanization was astonishing. To meet the demands of urban pop. growth cities began to move up and out. Up -- Cities began to expand upward building skyscrapers with the cheap new stronger steel. Out -- street cars, subways, allowed people to live outside of the city and commute to work

Why Cities Grew So Rapidly and the Effects CAUSES Growth of industries in cities attracted workers. African Americans from the South and immigrants sought a better life. Cities near waterways attracted industries. Tech advances led to subways, trolleys, streetlights, bridges, and skyscrapers. Many leisure activities that cities provided drew people to urban areas. EFFECTS Urban transportation systems enabled people to live in one part of the city and work in another. Flood of people into cities led to teeming neighborhoods that became slums. 3. Improvements in transportation gave rise to suburbs.

Between 1865 and 1915, 25 million immigrants entered the US—more than the population of the entire country in 1850 Reasons for migration Better life Religious Freedom Political problems Most people coming from Europe landed in New York. After 1892, they went to the receiving center on Ellis Island. Asian immi- grants entered through Angel Island in San Francisco Bay.

Immigrants vs Nativists Immigrants lived mostly in the cities creating ethnic neighborhoods Reaction to all the immigrants resulted in Nativism Nativists argued new immigrants would’nt assimilate because their languages, religions, and customs were different. Charged immigrants took jobs away from Americans. Nativists associated immigrants with violence, crime, and anarchy

Immigrants: Were looked at as less than Americans because of their different, beliefs, lifestyles, and language. The idea of One group being better than another or Social Darwinism. The Wealthy would give to the poor, “Helping the Lesser Out”

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