Objective: How did the Allies defeat the Japanese in the Pacific? War in the Pacific Objective: How did the Allies defeat the Japanese in the Pacific?

What was the extent of Japanese conquests by 1942? Japanese launched attacks throughout the Pacific at the same time as the attack on Pearl Harbor. Conquered parts of southeast Asia within months

U.S. Withdraws from Philippines March, 1942 – MacArthur withdrew from the Philippines to Australia US troops on Bataan surrendered shortly after MacArthur left. Endured brutal Bataan Death March

How did the Allies turn the tide of the war against Japan? April, 1942 – Doolittle’s led air raid on Japanese cities including Tokyo Air raid did little damage but shocked Japanese leaders and boosted morale for the Allies

Why was the Battle of Coral Sea unique? Battle of the Coral Sea – first time in history, enemy ships fought each other without seeing each other. Launched war planes from aircraft carriers to fight. American’s blocked Japanese push toward Australia

What was the turning point of the war in the Pacific? Battle of Midway – June, 1942 US navy destroyed 4 Japanese carriers and 250 planes

How did island hopping help the Allies gain control in the Pacific? Island hopping – invade islands that were not heavily defended by the Japanese. Use captured islands to stage further attacks. Code Talkers – Navajo Indians accompanied troops into battle and helped them communicate safely. Japanese could not break the code.

Desperation for Japan October, 1944 – Allied forces invaded the Philippines. Allies won Japan increased use of new weapon during this battle, kamikaze - suicide pilots, but could not stop the Allied advances

What was the military significance of the invasion of Iwo Jima and Okinawa? Early, 1945 – Japanese defenses weakened Allies need to establish bases closer to mainland to attack Japan Feb. 1945 – US marines invade Iwo Jima April, 1945 – US marines invade Okinawa

What was the purpose of the Manhattan Project? Manhattan Project – top-secret program to build an atomic bomb Developed in a secret location in Los Alamos, New Mexico

What prompted American officials to use the atomic bomb? Allies planned to invade Japan in Nov., 1945 American military leaders feared an invasion might cost 200,000 American lives Truman delivered an ultimatum to Japan – surrender or face destruction

The Atomic Bombs Japan would not surrender August 6, 1945 – atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima Killed more than 70,000 people; turned 5 square miles into a wasteland

Atomic Bombs August 9, 1945 – second atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki –killing another 40,000 August 14, 1945 – Japan surrendered Sept. 2, 1945 – Japan signed official letter of surrender aboard the US battleship Missouri