Types of Phrases Year 9 ESHS Grammar

Sequence of Text organisation Text (the text type you are writing, e.g. an essay) Paragraph (Thesis statement, topic sentence developing sentence, supporting sentence and concluding sentence) Sentence (simple, compound, complex) Clause (must have a subject and a verb; independent, dependent) Phrase (an idea in a sentence with no finite verb) Word (parts of speech, language types)

A verb that can stand on its own without a helping verb. PHRASES a phrase is a group of related words that do not include a subject or a finite verb. FINITE VERB A verb that can stand on its own without a helping verb. ‘The boy fell off the swing’ - the finite verb is ‘fell’ and it has a subject - the boy. To identify the type of phrase in a sentence, look at the work it does within the sentence.

Types of phrases NOUN phrases - performs the same function as a noun - IT NAMES THINGS.

Can be found by: starts with ‘to’ something, so it uses ‘to’ then a verb. E.G. To err is human. (‘err’ is a verb - it means to error.) The verb has ‘ing’ then the noun. E.G. Eating ice cream will make you fat. (This starts with a verb that ends in ‘ing’.

It can form the object of a sentence. E.G. I prefer chocolate rather than liquorice. (You can find the noun phrase by asking what do I prefer?) It can form the subject of a sentence. E.G. The time of my departure has not been announced yet. (You can find the noun phrase by asking what hasn’t been announced yet?)

Where are the NOUN phrases? My dog is my best friend. The boy in the blue jeans says he will do it. In fact, some of my best friends are journalists.

Paul is jumping horses at the show this year. The best car safety device is a rear view mirror with cop in it. (quote from Dudley Moore) The best car safety device is a rear view mirror with a cop in it.

Types of phrases ADJECTIVAL phrase gives more information about which noun or pronoun you mean.

The exams were unbelievably difficult The exams were unbelievably difficult. The underlined part is giving more information or describing the noun - the exams. The complex has quite small but inexpensive apartments. The underlined part is describing the apartments. She is fond of skiing. Fond of skiing is giving more information about the pronoun ‘she’.

Where are the adjectival phrases? The new jeans were very beautiful. My dog covered in mud, climbed into the back seat of my car. The foundation is raising money for children deformed with birth defects.

She was proud of her son winning the science prize. Beaming with joy, her face lit up. The Mars Bar was dark chocolate brown.

Types of Phrases ADVERBIAL PHRASES give more information about the verb. They do the work of adverbs by giving more information about the where, when, how, why, how long and how often. They usually start with a preposition (to, with, for, at)

We built our house overlooking the ocean We built our house overlooking the ocean. (overlooking the ocean is giving us more information where the house was built - an adverb of place) During the holidays we went to the beach. (During the holidays is giving us more information about when - an adverb of time) With a great deal of difficulty, we managed to change the tyre. (With a great deal of difficulty is giving more information about how - an adverb of manner) The little boy tried really hard to please his dad. (to please his dad is giving more information about why - an adverb of manner)

Where are the adverbial phrases? Bob nodded as if he understood. Dad spoke softly to calm her down. Dad spoke softly to clam her down. I saw a lot of rubbish beside the road.

So the audience could hear, Michelle turned up the microphone. First of all, you need to wash your dirty hands. The parade travelled around the town square.

Types of phrases Prepositional phrases are phrases that begin with a preposition and end with a noun. They NEVER contain the subject of the sentence. They can act as adverbs or adjectives in the sentence.

Prepositional phrases The book with the tattered cover is on the table. (with the tattered cover begins with a preposition - with. It acts as an adjective - describing the book). Racing towards the finish line, she realised that she might just win. (towards the finish line begins with a preposition - towards. It acts to add information to the verb racing - adverb).

Where are the prepositional phrases? Lee lives in that bedroom. Sarah is tired from the long mountain hike.

The man on the radio has a boring voice. The vegetables in the green bin are mouldy. Fred is hurt from the long football practise yesterday.