Integrity and Ethics निष्ठा/इमान्दारिता र सदाचार -Shiva Hari Adhikari -Gyan Laxmi Shrestha

जावलाखेलमा म्यादी प्रहरीले गरे नारावाजी ललितपुरका म्यादी प्रहरी आन्दोलनमा उत्रिएका छन्। सरकारले दिएको सेवा सुविधा कम भएको भन्दै उनीहरु आन्दोलनमा उत्रिएका हुन्। उनीहरुले आज जावलाखेलमा प्रर्दशनसमेत गरे। सरकारले उनीहरुलाई ५१ दिनको ५२ हजार २ सय ५४ रुपैयाँ सेवा सुविधा दिएको थियो। तर उनीहरुले त्यो अपुग भएको भन्दै जावलाखेलमा प्रर्दशन गरे। ललितपुरका डिएसपी इश्वर कार्कीले ५० जना जतिले सेवा सुविधामा असन्तुष्टि जनाएको बताए। Source: http://setopati.com/social/46113

CIAA Arrests Two Rural Municipality Executives with Bribe in Sindhuli SINDHULIMADHI: The Commission for Investigation of Abuse of Authority has reportedly arrested two rural municipality executive chiefs red-handed while they were taking a bribe from a solar panel dealer in Sindhuli district on Tuesday. A team of personnel at CIAA extended Office, Bardibas, apprehended executive chief of Golanjor Rural Municipality Bhola Kumar Ale and executive chief of Fikal Rural Municipality Satish Bhattarai in the district. The duo were arrested while they were taking commission from the owner of Dhruba Electronics, an authorised supplier of the solar panels at Stall Bazar in Kamalamai Municipality-6, for making purchase deal on behalf of the government, today, according to the Superintendent of Police Mukesh Singh at the CIAA Office. Ale was held with Rs 1,51,000 and Bhattarai with Rs 90,000 bribe said police. Earlier, the government had made the decision of acquiring the large quantity of solar panel for rural settlement deprived of electricity supply. CIAA Office, Bardibas, apprehends the executive chiefs of Golanjor Rural Municipality and Fikal Rural Municipality Bhola Kumar Ale (left) and Satish Bhattarai respectively, with the bribe in Sindhuli District, on Tuesday, June 6, 2017. Photo: Min Kumar Dahal Source: THT, 06 June 2017

मालपोतका कर्मचारी र लेखनदास पाँच लाख घुससहित अख्तियारको नियन्त्रणमा नेपालगन्ज : मालपोत कार्यालय नेपालगन्ज बाँकेका खरिदार नर बहादुर सारु मगर र लेखनदास सर्जु थापा सेवाग्रहीबाट ५ लाख घुस लिँदालिँदै पक्राउ परेका छन । बर्दिया बारवर्दिया नगरपालिका - ७ स्थायी ठेगाना भई मालपोत कार्यालयमा कार्यरत ३० बर्षीय खरिदार सारु मगर र बाँकेको नेपालगन्ज उप-महानगरपालिका- ५ स्थायी ठेगाना भई मालपोत कार्यालयमा लेखापढी गर्ने ४५ बर्षीय लेखापढी व्यवसायी थापालाई सेवाग्राहीसँग चार लाख ९८ हजार घुस रकम लिदै गरेका सोमबार राती अख्तियार दुरुपयोग अनुसन्धान आयोगको सम्पर्क कोहलपुरबाट खटिएको टोलीले पक्राउ गरेको हो । नेपालगन्ज धम्बोजीमा रहेको 'भेरी मीट सप एण्ड रेष्टुरेन्ट'बाट सोमबार राती साढे ९ बजेतिर रंगेहात उनीहरुलाई नियन्त्रण लिएको अख्तियारले जनाएको छ । नेपालगन्ज- १८ कारकादो स्थित कि.नं. कारकादो १(घ) कि.नं.३३ र ३४ को जग्गाको निर्णय प्रमाणित गरी विक्री गर्ने प्रयोजनको लागि विभिन्न बहानामा घुस रकम माग गरिरहेको भन्ने सूचना एवं उजुरीका आधारमा अख्तियार दुरुपयोग अनुसन्धान आयोगको कार्यालय कोहलपुरबाट खटिएको टोलीले नियन्त्रण लिएको हो । नियन्त्रणमा रहेका दुवै जनामाथि थप अनुसन्धान भइरहेको अख्तियारले जनाएको छ । Source: http://annapurnapost.com/news/72577

भूमि सुधार कार्यालयका नासु २० हजार घुससहित पक्राउ नेपालगञ्ज, जेठ २४ – अख्तियार दुरुपयोग अनुसन्धान आयोगको कार्यालय कोहलपुरले जिल्ला मालपोत कार्यालय बाँकेका कर्मचारीलाई घुससहित पक्राउ गरेको दुईदिनपछि भूमि सुधार कार्यालय बाँकेका कर्मचारीलाई रंगेहात घुससहित पक्राउ गरेको छ । सेवाग्राहीबाट २० हजार रुपैयाँ घुस लिँदै गरेको अवस्थामा भूमि सुधार कार्यालय बाँकेमा कार्यरत नायव सुब्बा शैलेन्द्रकुमार कर्णलाई बुधबार पक्राउ गरिएको हो । कर्णले जग्गा बाडफाँड गर्ने प्रयोजनका लागि विभिन्न वहानामा घुस रकम माग गरिरहेको भन्ने सूचना एवम उजुरीका आधारमा अख्तियार दुरुपयोग अनुसन्धान आयोगको कार्यालय कोहलपुरबाट खटिएको टोलीले बुधबार कार्यालय परिसरबाट घुस रकमसहित नियन्त्रणमा लिई अनुसन्धान भइरहेको सूचना अधिकारी निराजन शर्माले जानकारी दिनुभयो । अख्तियारको कोहलपुरस्थित कार्यालयले हालसम्म २३ जना सरकारी कर्मचारीलाई घुससहित रंगेहात पक्राउ गरेको छ । जसमा १६ जना बाँकेका बिभिन्न कार्यालयका कार्यरत कर्मचारी रहेका छन् । Source: http://ujyaaloonline.com/news/77497/?view=fullsite

प्रधानमन्त्री देउवाले सम्हाले कार्यभार, सदाचार नीति बनाउने प्रस्तावमा हस्ताक्षर २४ जेठ, काठमाडौं । नवनिर्वाचित प्रधानमन्त्री शेरबहादुर देउवाले पदभार सम्हाल्दै राष्ट्रिय सदाचार नीति बनाउने प्रस्तावमा हस्ताक्षर गरेका छन् ।प्रधानमन्त्री देउवाले शीतल निवासमा आयोजित विशेष समारोहमा पद तथा गोपनियताको सपथ लिएका थिए । लगतै सिंहदरबार आएका देउवाले पदभार सम्हालेका छन् । देउवाले राष्ट्रिय सदाचार नीति बनाउने प्रस्तावमा हस्ताक्षर गरे । यस्तै अन्तर प्रदेश समन्वयनका लागि ‘समन्वय परिषदको सचिवालय गठन गर्ने’ निर्णय पनि गरेका छन् । अब प्रधानमन्त्री कार्यालयमा एक महाशाखाको रुपमा त्यस्तो परिषदको सचिवालय गठन हुनेछ । २०७४ जेठ २४ गते १५:५८ मा प्रकाशित Source: http://www.onlinekhabar.com /2017/06/595215/

Morale Personal/individual and spiritual character Right and wrong at a much deeper level Basic human marker of right conduct and behavior No external inducements or constrains needed and usually do not change

Ethics Professional standards Declaration of the moral values and standards of behavior required by all in an organization Well founded standards of right and wrong that prescribe what ought to do, usually in terms of rights, obligations, benefits to society, fairness, or specific qualities.

Integrity State or quality of being complete, undivided or unbroken moral soundness, honesty, uprightness It is a concept of consistency of actions, values, methods, measures, principles, expectations and outcomes Knowing and doing right things

Issues Slaughtering animals and consuming meats Throwing thrashes from public buses then and now Abortion

The Integrity Image Role models? Commitment Trust Karma Do these above things exist in law implementation?

Foundation: Integrity and Ethics Sources of Moral Values and Behavioral Norms (Huberts, Maesschalck and Jurkiewicz, 2008; Ethics and Integrity of Governance) Source Characteristics Human Universals Innate and natural Derived from natural rights theory Cultural/ Social Perspectives Experience with the environment Represented by behavioral psychology Rational Analysis/Cognitive Processes Thought, Reason and Education Non-rational/Need based Perspective Experience, Expertise and Emotion Theological Perspective God given moral values Unchallengeable among believers Professional and Bureaucratic Roles Public service ethics systems Public opinion 5 min

Public Sector Ethics: Critical Aspects Publicness in public service Capacity of public sector Healthy governance Effective prevention Sharp detection Robust prosecution and recovery Culture of integrity in public service Motivated primarily by money or professional fulfilment Sense of ownership: attachment, team sprit, proudness, …

Factors affecting Integrity and Ethical Behaviour Executive as an Individual Internal/ Organizational External Environment Family Influences Policies, Code of conduct Government regulations Religious / Cultural values Behaviour of leaders, supervisors, peers and subordinates Norms and values of politics – political behaviour Personal standards, and needs Organisational culture Ethical climate of society- social values and norms My Choice How does religion affect – example rebirth Ethical Behaviour

Case: Willing DEO Can Make a Difference Watch the video case: Willing DEO Can Make a Difference Make note on how he was able to organize Share it in plenary.

Options A businessman’s approach A market or an economist’s approach A lawyer’s approach Toughening laws & legislations A businessman’s approach Offering incentives to officials to disengage from corruption (buy out corruption). A market or an economist’s approach Introduce or increase competition An institutional approach Genuine political/leadership commitment

Promoting Integrity and Ethics Identify and name an integrity problem Knowledge of the legislation, codes, standards, related to the problem Identify the solution

Things We Need! Organisation: Commitment Clear set of values and standards Communication of values and standards Continuous and consistent actions Moreover, Acknowledge that “it starts with me!” Establish a legend; let it be disseminated Be wiling to pay price

References Graaf, Gjalt De, 2007, Causes Of Corruption: Towards A Contextual Theory Of Corruption, Public Administration Quarterly, 39-86. Jain, Arvind, 2001, Corruption: A Review, Journal of Economic Surveys Vol 15, No.1, 71-121 Pinto, Jonathan; Carrie R. Leana; Frits K. Pil, 2008, Corrupt Organizations Or Organizations Of Corrupt Individuals? Two Types Of Organization-level Corruption, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 33, No. 3, 685–709 http://integrityaction.org/ Adhikari, S.H., 2014, Patron-Client Politics and Governance System of Nepal, submitted to Seoul National University, Republic of Korea, 2014 Adhikari, S.H., Gupta, A.K., & Shrestha, G.L. (2016). Level, Pattern and Trend of Corruption (Analysis Based on the Corruption and Improper Conducts' Cases Published by Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority, Nepal). Lalitpur, Nepal: Nepal Administrative Staff College.