Two “Bookends” of Europe

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Russia: Reform & Reaction

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Presentation transcript:

Two “Bookends” of Europe Britain and Russia Two “Bookends” of Europe

Terms—Britain and Russia Queen Victoria (r. 1837 – 1901) Tories (Conservative) Whigs (Liberal) Great Reform Bill of 1832 Nicholas I Crimean War Alexander II Emancipation Edict (1861)

GREAT BRITAIN

King William IV (r. 1830 – 1837)

Queen Victoria (r. 1837 – 1901)

Prince Albert

Victoria and Albert

Great Britain Political change came through gradual reform rather than violent revolution

Great Britain Two-party system: Whig Party—Liberals “We want change now! Reforms!!!” Tory Party—Conservatives “Go slow!!”

Crimean War (1853 – 1855) Florence Nightengale

The British Empire

Reform Reform is used to spread the vote and address social issues Political parties compete for votes by offering reform

Reforms Catholic Emancipation Act of 1829 Great Reform Bill of 1832 Slavery is abolished in empire –1833 Municipal Reform – 1835 Repeal of the Corn Laws – 1846 Reform Bills of 1867 & 1884

Russia

Russian Serfs

Decembrist Revolt--1825

Autocracy Absolute monarchy in which the tsar ruled by divine right with absolute power

Nicholas I—The “Gendarme of Europe” / Europe’s Policement (1796 – 1855)

Crimean War (1853 – 1855)

Russian Soldiers in Crimean War

Russian City of Sevastopol –Burned During Crimean War

Losses in the Crimean War

Alexander II (r. 1855 – 1881)

Emancipation Edict -- 1861 Abolishes serfdom!

Russian Writers Use Their “Pens” to Discuss Russia’s Problems Turgenev, Fathers and Sons (1862) Dostoyevsky, Crime and Punishment (1866) Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina (1877)

The “People” Get Involved--Protest Populists – Radicals. Peasant socialists. Some become terrorists. “Narod” – “People” in Russian. Students who went among the peasants to spread the idea of revolution. Become radicals. We see the “people’s will.”