Phonation 1

Consonant Length How long can you make a [v]? 2

Consonant Length How long can you make a [v]? What restricts length? 3

Consonant Length How long can you make a [v]? What restricts length? How long can you make a [f]? 4

Consonant Length How long can you make a [v]? What restricts length? How long can you make a [f]? 5

Consonant Length How long can you make a [v]? What restricts length? How long can you make a [f]? Any difference between [v] and [f] maximum length? 6

Consonant Length How long can you make a [p]? 7

Consonant Length How long can you make a [p]? What restricts length? 8

Consonant Length How long can you make a [p]? What restricts length? How long can you make a [b]? 9

Consonant Length How long can you make a [p]? What restricts length? How long can you make a [b]? 10

Consonant Length How long can you make a [p]? What restricts length? How long can you make a [b]? Any difference between [p] and [b] maximum length? 11

Consonant Length Is it possible to have a [b] that is half voiced? 12

Consonant Length Is it possible to have a [b] that is half voiced? Where is voicing most likely total? Lab Beer About 13

Consonant Length Is it possible to have a [b] that is half voiced? Where is voicing most likely total? Lab Beer About because it’s surrounded by vowels 14

Consonant Length Where is devoicing most likely? Lab class Six beers See Bob 15

Consonant Length Where is devoicing most likely? Lab class: [b] is by [k] Six beers: [b] is by [ks] See Bob: [b] is between vowels 16

Consonant Length In some languages [b, d, g] become [, p, t, k] word finally (Russian, German, Dutch) Why? 17

Consonant Length Experiment Record ‘lack’ and ‘lag’ Cut and exchange [k] and [g] 18

Consonant Length Experiment Record ‘lack’ and ‘lag’ Cut and exchange [k] and [g] Ask people to identify modified words 19

Consonant Length Experiment Record ‘lack’ and ‘lag’ Cut and exchange [k] and [g] Ask people to identify modified words People still hear same words. Why? 20

Consonant Length How can you lengthen [b, d, g]? 21

Consonant Length How can you lengthen [b, d, g]? Expand vocal tract Puff cheeks for [b] Lower larynx 22

Direction of airflow Pulmonic pressure Air moves out of mouth All English sounds 23

Direction of airflow Pulmonic pressure Air moves out of mouth All English sounds Pulmonic suction Air moves into mouth Swedish “yes” video 24

Glottalic suction stops Air moves into mouth Movement of glottis, not lungs causes it 25

Glottalic suction stops Air moves into mouth Movement of glottis, not lungs causes it Also called implosives 26

Glottalic suction stops Say [b], lengthen by lowering glottis Air between lips and glottis rarified When released it causes inward flow, or nullifies outward lung flow 27

Glottalic suction stops IPA symbols [ɓ, ɗ, ɠ] They are usually fully voiced Video of [ɓ] 28

Glottalic suction stops IPA symbols [ɓ, ɗ, ɠ] They are usually fully voiced Do they exist in American English? 29

Colour scheme Text & Lines Title Text Background Shadows Accent & Hyperlink Followed Hyperlink Fills Accent 30

Sample Graph (3 colours) 31

Picture slide Bullet 1 Bullet 2 32

Process Flow Design Plan Build Test Evaluate Bullet 1 Bullet 2 33

Example of a table Title Data Note: PowerPoint does not allow you to have nice default tables - but you can cut and paste this one 34

Examples of default styles Text and lines are like this Hyperlinks like this Visited hyperlinks like this Table Text box Text box With shadow 35

Use of templates You are free to use these templates for your personal and business presentations. We have put a lot of work into developing all these templates and retain the copyright in them. You can use them freely providing that you do not redistribute or sell them. Do Use these templates for your presentations Display your presentation on a web site provided that it is not for the purpose of downloading the template. If you like these templates, we would always appreciate a link back to our website. Many thanks. Don’t Resell or distribute these templates Put these templates on a website for download. This includes uploading them onto file sharing networks like Slideshare, Myspace, Facebook, bit torrent etc Pass off any of our created content as your own work You can find many more free PowerPoint templates on the Presentation Helper website www.presentationhelper.co.uk 36